Trends in novel antiandrogen receptor signal inhibitor use and medical costs in prostate cancer.

Objective: We aimed to examine trends in novel antiandrogen receptor signal inhibitor (ARSI) usage and medical costs by collecting real-world big data included in The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data, covering most of the clinical practices throughout Japan.

Methods: Usage data for outpatient prescriptions from 2016 to 2021 were extracted from the NDB Open Data. Among the 459,610 million tablets/capsules prescribed, prostate cancer-specific agents (bicalutamide, estramustine phosphate, flutamide, abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) were selected to investigate the trends of usage and medical costs.

Quizartinib with donor lymphocyte infusion for post-transplant relapse of FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis, particularly with DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations. Quizartinib, a FLT3 inhibitor showing clinical benefit in FLT3-ITD-positive AML, has unclear safety and efficacy when combined with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). We report a case of FLT3-ITD-positive AML with DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations that relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and was treated with quizartinib and DLI.

Improving cellular therapy operations through pre-harvest measurement of peripheral CD34-positive cell counts in allogeneic stem cell harvest.

Introduction: Previously, our institution measured peripheral blood CD34 cell counts both pre- and post-peripheral blood stem cell harvest (PBSCH), with both samples analyzed simultaneously post-PBSCH. Since 2021, we have measured pre-CD34 cell counts during PBSCH, adjusting the processed blood volume based on these results. We retrospectively evaluated how this change impacted cellular therapy.

Early failure is still a poor prognostic factor in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma in the era of CAR T-cell therapy.

Patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) refractory to first-line chemotherapy or with early relapse have poor outcomes. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has impressive efficacy after two or more lines of chemotherapy, it's still uncertain if these outcomes remain consistent in the context of third-line CAR T-cell therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 107 R/R LBCL patients.

Azacitidine and gemtuzumab ozogamicin as post-transplant maintenance therapy for high-risk hematologic malignancies.

Disease recurrence remains the principal cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Post-transplant maintenance therapy with azacitidine (AZA) is promising to prevent relapse but the outcomes are unsatisfactory in patients at high risk of recurrence. Herein, we evaluated the outcome in patients who received AZA and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), anti-CD33 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate, as post-transplant maintenance therapy.

A case of needle tract seeding with endoscopic findings of progression over time.

An 83-year-old male underwent three transgastric punctures with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for the examination of a pancreatic body tumor. After a diagnosis of resectable pancreatic cancer and undergoing distal pancreatectomy, the patient was administered postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with oral S-1 for 6 months, and carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were bimonthly evaluated. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels continually increased to 4638.

[FLT3-ITD mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia undergoing clonal transition with PTPN11 mutation at relapse].

A 28-year-old man was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. He achieved complete remission (CR) after two cycles of induction therapy. However, after consolidation therapy, bone marrow aspiration performed to prepare for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation revealed disease relapse.

[Kidney transplantation for end-stage renal disease after third allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

An 18-year-old man underwent allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL). Ph+ALL relapsed 3 months after the first BMT, and the patient underwent a second BMT. However, Ph+ALL relapsed 4 months after the second BMT, and he received a haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (haplo-PBSCT) from his father.

Case report: Immune pressure on hematopoietic stem cells can drastically expand glycosylphosphatidylinositol-deficient clones in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Introduction: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, thrombosis, and bone marrow (BM) failure. Although PNH is caused by excessive proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clones with loss of function mutations in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A () genes, what drives PNH clones to expand remains elusive.

Case Description: We present a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.

QAmplifyNet: pushing the boundaries of supply chain backorder prediction using interpretable hybrid quantum-classical neural network.

Supply chain management relies on accurate backorder prediction for optimizing inventory control, reducing costs, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Traditional machine-learning models struggle with large-scale datasets and complex relationships. This research introduces a novel methodological framework for supply chain backorder prediction, addressing the challenge of collecting large real-world datasets with 90% accuracy.

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava with the Absence of the Right Superior Vena Cava and Atrial Appendage: Complex Pacemaker Implantation in a Patient Presenting with a Rare Vascular Anomaly.

A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a commonly observed anatomical anomaly that is frequently detected incidentally via computed tomography (CT) imaging. However, the occurrence of a PLSVC with a right superior vena cava (RSVC) defect, also known as "isolated PLSVC," is a much rarer anomaly. This peculiar malformation can lead to sinoatrial dysfunction, thus necessitating pacemaker implantation, which requires delicate manipulation due to various anatomical complexities.

Clinical outcomes in transplant-eligible patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after second-line salvage chemotherapy: A retrospective study.

Objective: The prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is poor. Although patients who fail first-line salvage chemotherapy are candidates for second-line salvage chemotherapy, the optimal treatment strategy for these patients has not yet been established.

Methods: The present, single-center, retrospective study included transplant-eligible patients with R/R DLBCL who received second-line salvage chemotherapy with curative intent.

[Polatuzumab vedotin, bendamustine, and rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, including the outcome as a bridging treatment to CAR-T cell therapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant].

Pola-BR (polatuzumab vedotin, bendamustine, and rituximab) therapy received approval for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) in Japan in March 2021. There have been few reports on the efficacy and safety of Pola-BR therapy in Japanese clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was performed on twenty-nine patients with R/R DLBCL who received Pola-BR therapy at our institution (intent to cellular immunotherapy cohort: 20 patients, stand-alone treatment cohort: nine patients).

[Manufacturing results of tisagenlecleucel for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a survey by the CAR-T cell therapy taskforce of the Japan Society of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy].

The frequency of the manufacturing failure of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in clinical practice is unknown. To clarify the current state of how likely CAR-T cell production is to succeed or fail for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), we analyzed cases in which the production of tisagenlecleucel was performed for patients with B-ALL at 15 facilities in Japan from October 2019 to March 2022. Total 81 patients (47 males and 34 females) were analyzed.

Optimal Treatment of Hormone Receptor-positive Advanced Breast Cancer Patients With Palbociclib.

Background/aim: Palbociclib was the first cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor approved worldwide. Currently, CDK4/6 inhibitors are strongly recommended for endocrine therapy in the first or second line with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. It is expected the use of CDK4/6 inhibitor will further increase.