Presurgery health influences outcomes following vertical sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents.

Objective: Weight loss following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in youth can range from 10% to 50%. We examined whether there are differences in demographic or metabolic parameters before VSG in youth who achieve above-average weight loss (AAWL) versus below-average weight loss (BAWL) at 1 year post VSG and if youth with BAWL still achieve metabolic health improvements at 1 year post VSG.

Methods: Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical lab data were collected before VSG and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after VSG.

Fasting hepatic insulin clearance reflects postprandial hepatic insulin clearance: a brief report.

Background: Hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is an important pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). HIC was reported to decrease in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. HIC is originally calculated by post-load insulin and C-peptide from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphism is an important gene for insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. ALDH2 polymorphism has been reported as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with liver insulin resistance due to alcohol consumption in non-diabetic individuals. Herein, we investigated the association between ALDH2 polymorphisms and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.

Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in peripheral B lymphocytes induces IgM-type thyrotropin receptor autoantibody production in patients with Graves' disease.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpes virus that latently infects B lymphocytes. When EBV is reactivated, host B cells differentiate into plasma cells and produce IgM-dominant antibodies as well as many progeny virions. The aims of the present study were to confirm the IgM dominance of thyrotropin-receptor antibodies (TRAbs) produced by EBV reactivation and investigate the roles of TRAb-IgM in Graves' disease.

Significance of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 () genetic polymorphism in insulin secretion in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 () is an imperative gene for insulin secretion in maturity-onset diabetes of the young 4. gene polymorphism was associated with lower first-phase insulin secretion in a genome-wide association study of intravenous glucose tolerance test. It was not associated with type 2 diabetes risk and insulin secretion in a genome-wide oral glucose tolerance test study.

The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin improves liver function and insulin resistance in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment is a therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some reports have shown that SGLT2i treatment improves insulin resistance; however, few studies have evaluated insulin resistance by the glucose clamp method. Hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is a new pathophysiological mechanism of T2DM.

Hyperthyroidism in Graves Disease Causes Sleep Disorders Related to Sympathetic Hypertonia.

Context: It is well known that Graves disease (GD) causes sleep disorders (SDs). However, the characteristics and associated factors of SD and its clinical course post hyperthyroidism normalization remain unclear.

Objective: To clarify the characteristics and associated factors of subjective SD and its clinical course after GD treatment.

Effects of a Self-efficacy Theory-Based Training Program for Peers of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Training peer leaders to deliver patient education is expected to be a low-cost approach to providing healthcare in urban-poor areas affected by a shortage of healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a training program on the self-efficacy and knowledge of peer leaders with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A single-group longitudinal survey with baseline, intervention, and follow-up periods was conducted at a diabetes clinic in a small municipality in Metro Manila, Philippines.

Free advanced glycation end product distribution in blood components and the effect of genetic polymorphisms.

One hypothesis regarding the cause of diabetic complications is that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) bind to the AGE receptor and induce changes in gene expression. However, what AGEs exist in vivo and how individual AGEs are produced and impact body metabolic process to cause diabetes complications are not understood. We developed a new precise method to measure AGEs using LC-MS/MS with a new column and measured 7 free AGEs, including N(6)-carboxymethyllysine (CML), N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)-l-lysine (CEL) and N5-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)L-ornithine (MG-H1), in human blood components.

Evaluation of Outcomes Using a Tablet-Based System to Support Glycemic Management Workflow Operations: A Retrospective Observational Study.

The treatment of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes requires glycemic management to maintain the patients' blood glucose levels within a normal range. We developed a blood glucose management system (BGM) system in 2015, which is a tablet-based workflow support system. This system enables medical staff to continually confirm the physicians' instructions by measuring the blood glucose levels while using a tablet terminal.

A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of an Oral Preparation of High Molecular Weight Fucoidan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Evaluation of Taste Sensitivity.

Background: Fucoidan is derived from seaweed widely used in Japanese cuisine, but little is known about its influence on glucose metabolism. To obtain information about the physiological effects of fucoidan on glucose metabolism, the digestive system, and the gustatory system controlling taste sensation in patients with type 2 diabetes, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Methods: Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes on diet therapy were recruited from an outpatient clinic (22 men and 8 women aged 59.

Correction: Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) concentration is associated with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, A clinical study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Body mass index ≥23 is a risk factor for insulin resistance and diabetes in Japanese people: A brief report.

Background: Screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is recommended for Asian Americans with a body mass index ≥23. However, the optimal body mass index cut-off score for predicting the risk of diabetes mellitus in Japanese people is not well known. The aim of this study was to determine the best body mass index cut-off score for predicting insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in the Japanese population.

Coenzyme Q10 suppresses apoptosis of mouse pancreatic β-cell line MIN6.

Background: In mitochondrial diabetes, apoptosis of β-cells caused by mitochondrial stress plays an important role in impaired insulin secretion. Several studies have reported that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has therapeutic effects on mitochondrial diabetes, but no reports have examined the fundamental effectiveness or mechanism of CoQ10 in mitochondrial diabetes. We previously reported in a Japanese article that CoQ10 has protective effects on pancreatic β-cells against mitochondrial stress using mouse pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 and staurosporine (STS).

CPR-IR is an insulin resistance index that is minimally affected by hepatic insulin clearance-A preliminary research.

Background: Increased hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is important in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to analyze an effective insulin resistance (IR) index that is minimally affected by HIC.

Methods: Our study involved 20 participants with T2DM and 21 healthy participants without diabetes (Non-DM).

A Computer-Based Glucose Management System Reduces the Incidence of Forgotten Glucose Measurements: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Frequent glucose measurements are needed for good blood glucose control in hospitals; however, this requirement means that measurements can be forgotten. We developed a novel glucose management system using an iPod and electronic health records.

Methods: A time schedule system for glucose measurement was developed using point-of-care testing, an iPod, and electronic health records.

Development and Evaluation of a Blood Glucose Management System for Reducing the Delay in Measurement.

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the blood glucose management (BGM) system, which supports the scheduling of blood glucose measurements for medical staff. This system enables medical staff to continually confirm the instructions of the physicians by measuring blood glucose levels using a smart device (iPod). This paper describes the difference in the delay of the measurement between the BGM system and the non-BGM system.

High Serum Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated with Decreased Insulin Secretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Brief Report.

Objective: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are important in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They directly cause insulin secretory defects in animal and cell culture models and may promote insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects. We have developed a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring AGEs in human serum.

Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) concentration is associated with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, A clinical study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction. In recent studies reported that several markers associated with insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, Adiponectin and other parameters, such as fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4), have been reported to regulate insulin resistance, but it remains unclear which factor mostly affects insulin resistance in T2DM. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the relationships between several kinds of biomarkers and insulin resistance, and insulin secretion in T2DM and healthy controls.