The Fungus Alters Amounts of Sterols, Fatty Acids, and Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Potato .

The entomopathogenic endophytic fungus can colonize plants resulting in growth promotion and protection against phytopathogenic microorganisms. However, physiological changes in potato plants () during this interaction are poorly understood. In the present work, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to analyze sterol, fatty acid, and phenolic acid concentrations in potato plants inoculated with conidia in soil.

Effects of passages through an insect or a plant on virulence and physiological properties of the fungus .

Species of the genus are characterized by a multitrophic lifestyle of being arthropod parasites, rhizosphere colonizers, endophytes, and saprophytes. The process of adaptation to various organisms and substrates may lead to specific physiological alterations that can be elucidated by passaging through different hosts. Changes in virulence and cultivation properties of entomopathogenic fungi subcultured on different media or passaged through a live insect host are well known.

Tenuazonic acid alters immune and physiological reactions and susceptibility to pathogens in Galleria mellonella larvae.

Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is synthesized by phytopathogenic and opportunistic fungi and is detected in a broad range of foods. This natural compound is of interest in terms of toxicity to animals, but its mechanisms of action on insects are poorly understood. We administered TeA orally at different concentrations (0.

Entomotoxic Activity of the Extracts from the Fungus, and Its Major Metabolite, Tenuazonic Acid.

The study of fungal antibiotics in their competitive interactions with arthropods may lead to the development of novel biorational insecticides. Extracts of MFP253011 obtained using various methods showed a wide range of biological activities, including entomotoxic properties. Analysis of their composition and bioactivity allowed us to reveal several known mycotoxins and unidentified compounds that may be involved in the entomotoxic activity of the extracts.

Can Potato Plants Be Colonized with the Fungi and under Their Natural Load in Agrosystems?

and fungi are facultative plant endophytes that provide plant growth-stimulating, immunomodulatory, and other beneficial effects. However, little is known about the level of plant colonization by these fungi under natural conditions. We assessed the endophytic colonization of potatoes () with entomopathogenic fungi at their natural load in soils (10-10 colony-forming units per g).

Entomopathogenic fungi decrease disease in potato in field conditions.

potato disease is widespread in the world and causes substantial yield and quality losses in potato. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi and in the inhibition of potato complex disease. The efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi and in the defense of potato against disease (stem cancer, black scrulf and other forms of manifestation on tubers) was estimated under field conditions in Western Siberia.

Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth under Different Temperature Conditions.

Various insect bacterial associates are involved in pathogeneses caused by entomopathogenic fungi. The outcome of infection (fungal growth or decomposition) may depend on environmental factors such as temperature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial communities and immune response of larvae injected with and incubated at 15 °C and 25 °C.

Comparative analysis of the immune response of the wax moth Galleria mellonella after infection with the fungi Cordyceps militaris and Metarhizium robertsii.

Entomopathogenic fungi form different strategies of interaction with their insect hosts. The influence of fungal infection on insect physiology has mainly been studied for generalists (Metarhizium, Beauveria), but studies of specialized teleomorphic species, such as Cordyceps militaris, are rare. We conducted a comparative analysis of the immune reactions of the wax moth Galleria mellonella after injection with blastospores of C.

Bacterial decomposition of insects post-Metarhizium infection: Possible influence on plant growth.

Strains of entomopathogenic fungi may have substantial differences in their final stages of mycosis. Insect cadavers are usually overgrown with mycelium after colonization of the insect body, but in many cases, bacterial decomposition of the colonized hosts occurs. We used two Metarhizium robertsii strains in the work: Mak-1 (cadavers become overgrown with mycelium and conidia) and P-72 (cadavers decay after fungal colonization).

Changes in antifungal defence systems during the intermoult period in the Colorado potato beetle.

Susceptibility to the fungus Metarhizium robertsii and changes in host defences were evaluated in different stages of the intermoult period (4-6 h, 34-36 h and 84-86 h post moult in IV larval instars) of the Colorado potato beetle. A significant thickening of the cuticle during larval growth was accompanied by decreases in cuticle melanization, phenoloxidase activity and epicuticular hydrocarbon contents (C28-C32). At the same time, a decrease in the conidial adhesion rate and an increase in resistance to the fungus were observed.

Hexokinase as a versatile molecular genetic marker for Microsporidia.

Hexokinase (HK) is a core glycolytic enzyme of Microsporidia which regulates host cell metabolic processes. The goal of the present study was to test for the utility of HK for molecular phylogenetics, species identification and molecular detection of microsporidia in infected insects. HK sequence-based reconstructions were essentially similar to those based upon largest subunit RNA polymerase (RPB1) gene sequences, as well as previously published rRNA gene and genome-based trees.

Effects of fluorine-containing usnic acid and fungus Beauveria bassiana on the survival and immune-physiological reactions of Colorado potato beetle larvae.

Background: The search for compounds that interact synergistically with entomopathogenic fungi is aimed at enhancing the efficacy and stability of biological products against pest insects, for example, against the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). We hypothesized that fluorine-containing derivatives of usnic acid (FUA) might be candidates for the development of multicomponent bio-insecticides. The aim of this study was to analyze the co-influence of FUA and Beauveria bassiana on the survival and immune-physiological reactions of CPB larvae.

Ecological preferences of Metarhizium spp. from Russia and neighboring territories and their activity against Colorado potato beetle larvae.

Thirty-four isolates of Metarhizium spp. from Russian collections were genotyped using 5' EF-1α gene sequence analysis. Four species were identified, of which M.

Immune-physiological aspects of synergy between avermectins and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii in Colorado potato beetle larvae.

The interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii and natural avermectin metabolites of the actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis were investigated on Colorado potato beetle larvae. A synergy in the mortality of larvae was detected after simultaneous treatment with half-lethal doses of avermectins (commercial name actarophit) 0.005% and fungus (5×10conidia/ml).