Role of closed drain after multi-level posterior spinal surgery in adults: a randomised open-label superiority trial.

Purpose: To explore the role of closed suction drain in multi-level posterior spinal surgery.

Methods: We performed prospective, open-label, randomised control, superiority trial with parallel design and 1:1 allocation. A total of 161 patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery involving more than one motion segment at a dedicated spine surgery department were randomly allocated into "drain" or "no-drain" groups, based on which surgical drain was employed at the end of surgery.

Surgical correction of severe spinal deformities using a staged protocol of external and internal techniques.

Introduction: There is high risk of neurologic complications in one-stage management of severe rigid spinal deformities in adolescents. Therefore, gradual spine stretching variants are applied. One of them is the use of external transpedicular fixation.

Operative management of high-grade dysplastic L5 spondylolisthesis with the use of external transpedicular fixation: advantages and drawbacks.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to analyze clinical and radiographic outcomes of operative management of L5 high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis with the apparatus for external transpedicular fixation (AETF), and to compare the results of its use for reduction and spondylodesis.

Methods: There were 13 patients with L5 dysplastic spondylolisthesis of grade 4 (Meyerding grading) and having a mean age of 25.0 ± 3.