Convergent olfactory circuits for courtship in revealed by -Tango.

Animals exhibit sex-specific behaviors that are governed by sexually dimorphic circuits. One such behavior in male , courtship, is regulated by various sensory modalities, including olfaction. Here, we reveal how sexually dimorphic olfactory pathways in male flies converge at the third-order, onto lateral horn output neurons, to regulate courtship.

Impact of obesity on survival outcomes of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in Lagos, Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a major contributor to cancer-related illness and death among women worldwide. Obesity, a prevalent condition in many populations, has been implicated as a risk factor for various malignancies including EOC.

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of obesity on survival outcomes among women with advanced EOC in Lagos, Nigeria.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Given the synergistic relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, knowledge of the genotypic prevalence and associated factors of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) among HIV-infected women is crucial for developing targeted interventions such as appropriate screening tests and effective genotype-specific vaccination.

Objectives: We determined the prevalence of any HR-HPV and multiple HR-HPV infections and identified associated factors among a cohort of women living with HIV infections (WLHIV) in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study analysed the data of 516 WLHIV who underwent cervical cancer screening as part of the at the HIV treatment centre of Lagos University Teaching Hospital from July 2023 to March 2024.

Prevalence and determinants of moderate-to-severe anaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Lagos, Nigeria.

The high burden of anaemia during pregnancy underscores the urgent need to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to its widespread occurrence. Our study assessed the prevalence and the trends of moderate-to-severe anaemia (MSA) in late pregnancy (28 to 36 weeks) and then investigated the key determinants driving this prevalence among women in Lagos, Nigeria. We conducted a secondary data analysis involving 1216 women enrolled in the Predict-PPH study between January and March 2023.

Survival outcomes following interval versus primary debulking surgery in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: A retrospective cohort study in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: There is conflicting evidence regarding the survival benefit of interval debulking surgery (IDS) compared to conventional treatment with primary debulking surgery (PDS) in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Objectives: We compared the survivals following PDS followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) versus IDS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in women with advanced EOC at the gynaecological oncology unit of a tertiary referral centre in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

Methods: The data of 126 women with advanced EOC who had standard treatment with either PDS and ACT or NACT and IDS between January 2008 and December 2017 were analyzed.

Development of antepartum risk prediction model for postpartum hemorrhage in Lagos, Nigeria: A prospective cohort study (Predict-PPH study).

Objectives: There is currently a limited ability to accurately identify women at risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). We conducted the "Predict-PPH" study to develop and evaluate an antepartum prediction model and its derived risk-scoring system.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of healthy pregnant women who registered and gave birth in five hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria, from January to June 2023.

Cenicriviroc prevents dysregulation of astrocyte/endothelial cross talk induced by ischemia and HIV-1 via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is one of the pathophysiological characteristics of ischemic stroke, which may contribute to the progression of brain tissue damage and subsequent neurological impairment. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are at greater risk for ischemic stroke due to diminished immune function and HIV-associated vasculopathy. Studies have shown that astrocytes are involved in maintaining BBB integrity and facilitating HIV-1 infection in the brain.

Association between serum vitamin D status and uterine leiomyomas: a case-control study.

Objective: Uterine leiomyoma is a common gynecological condition that negatively affects women's quality of life. Vitamin D plays an important role in tumor development and progression. However, clinical studies comparing serum vitamin D levels between women with and without uterine leiomyomas are limited and inconclusive.

Prognostic performance of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in women with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Purpose: This study investigated the prognostic performance of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the data of 91 women who had treatment for EOC between 2009 and 2018. The associations between pretreatment SII and survivals were tested.

Estimating vaccine coverage in conflict settings using geospatial methods: a case study in Borno state, Nigeria.

Reliable estimates of subnational vaccination coverage are critical to track progress towards global immunisation targets and ensure equitable health outcomes for all children. However, conflict can limit the reliability of coverage estimates from traditional household-based surveys due to an inability to sample in unsafe and insecure areas and increased uncertainty in underlying population estimates. In these situations, model-based geostatistical (MBG) approaches offer alternative coverage estimates for administrative units affected by conflict.

-Tango enables versatile retrograde circuit tracing in .

Transsynaptic tracing methods are crucial tools in studying neural circuits. Although a couple of anterograde tracing methods and a targeted retrograde tool have been developed in , there is still need for an unbiased, user-friendly, and flexible retrograde tracing system. Here, we describe -Tango, a method for transsynaptic, retrograde circuit tracing and manipulation in .

Psychometric Properties of the Modified Family Affluence Scale (FAS II) among Adolescents in Nigeria: A Preliminary Report.

Objective: Social inequalities have serious health consequences for the developing child. Measuring these disparities is challenging, and the Family Affluence Scale (version II), a proxy indicator based on material wealth, was developed as a solution. However, it has not been validated for use in Sub-Saharan Africa and may not be applicable in developing countries.

Comparative Assessment of p16/Ki-67 Dual Staining Technology for cervical cancer screening in women living with HIV (COMPASS-DUST)-Study protocol.

The risk of progression of low-grade (CIN1) to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) is 3-5 times higher for women living with HIV (WLHIV) than for HIV-negative women. Evidence suggests that the current cervical cancer screening methods perform less effectively in WLHIV. An emerging screening method-p16/Ki-67 dual staining technology (DUST) is a safe and rapid assay that could be used to detect CIN2/3 with higher sensitivity and specificity.

Drugs of Abuse among In-Patients Receiving Treatment for Substance Use Disorders in a Tertiary Health Care Center in South-South Nigeria: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Recently, there has been an increase in the abuse of relatively newer substances sometimes in unusual combinations. Some of these drugs and their street names are unfamiliar to researchers and clinicians, hindering their identification. Our objective was to investigate current trends in drug abuse, focusing on eliciting drugs of use and their street names in Calabar, Nigeria.

Nondestructive measurement of the mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced nickel aluminium bronze composites.

Nanoindentation is a viable method to assess the mechanical properties of developed alloys and composites at the nanometer scale without hampering the microstructure and integrity of materials. In this study, nondestructive measurement was conducted on spark plasma sintered nickel aluminium bronze (NAB), and graphene nanoplatelets (1, 2, 3 wt.%) reinforced NAB composites using the nanoindentation technique.

Implementing a community-level intervention to control hypertensive disorders in pregnancy using village health workers: lessons learned.

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy result in about 76,000 maternal deaths per year worldwide. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia cause the most deaths. Interventions for managing these disorders are available in health facilities.

Diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Nigeria: findings from the global burden of disease study 2016.

Background: In Nigeria, diarrhoea contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality, with suboptimal breastfeeding practices playing a key role. The present study aimed to report on diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among children aged under five years attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Nigeria.

Methods: This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2016, which estimated mortality from diarrhoea in the Cause of Death Ensemble model.

Tuberculosis disease burden and attributable risk factors in Nigeria, 1990-2016.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, Nigeria is one of the countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Improving the burden of TB among HIV-negative people would require comprehensive and up-to-date data to inform targeted policy actions in Nigeria. The study aimed to describe the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and risk factors of tuberculosis in Nigeria between 1990 and 2016.

Granulometric and pebble morphometric applications to Benin Flank sediments in western Anambra Basin, Nigeria: proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.

Integrated granulometric and pebble morphometric study of Late Cretaceous rocks of the Benin Flank, Nigeria, were used to delineate depositional process and environment of the rocks in the study area. Granulometric analysis reveals that the sandstones of the Lokoja Bassange Formation have an average graphic mean (Mz) of 0.59Φ (coarse grains), inclusive graphic standard deviation (δi) of 1.

Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study.

Importance: Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health.

Objective: To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion.

Evidence Review: Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger.

AN EMPIRICAL METHOD FOR MATERIALITY: WOULD CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES CHANGE PATIENT DECISIONS?

The law has long been concerned with the agency problems that arise when advisors, such as attorneys or physicians, put themselves in financial relationships that create conflicts of interest. If the financial relationship is "material" to the transactions proposed by the advisor, then non-disclosure of the relationship may be pertinent to claims of malpractice, informed consent, and even fraud, as well as to professional discipline. In these sorts of cases, materiality is closely related to the question of causation, roughly turning on whether the withheld information might have changed the decision of a reasonable advisee (i.