Changes in Self-Efficacy During COVID-19 Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: The purpose of this longitudinal, qualitative study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-efficacy and diabetes management among youth diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: We conducted two semi-structured interviews with adolescents diagnosed with T1DM (n = 18) and their maternal caregivers (n = 20) over 6-9 months, to understand how their confidence in the adolescent's ability to manage their diabetes changed during the pandemic. Interviews were transcribed and coded by four raters, establishing inter-reliability.

Detangling Associations Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes Relationship Distress With Adolescents' HbA1c.

Objective: Previous research in families of children with type 1 diabetes demonstrates that maternal depressive symptoms are a known risk factor for poor diabetes outcomes. We sought to examine whether maternal diabetes relationship distress or maternal depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with adolescent glycemic outcomes.

Methods: Analyses were conducted using data from mothers who consented to screen for a behavioral intervention.

The Relationship Between Sexual Behavior Stigma and Depression Among Men Who have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Kigali, Rwanda: a Cross-sectional Study.

To evaluate the role of sexual behavior stigma as a determinant of depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Kigali, Rwanda. MSM/TGW aged ≥18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) between March-August, 2018. Mental health was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

A Pandemic Perspective: Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Management and Mood Through the Lens of Location and Family Conflict.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of COVID-19 on teens' diabetes management and mood and their association with family conflict.

Methods: One hundred and nineteen teens ages 13 to 17 (M = 15.5 ± 1.

A Systematic Review of Linkage-to-Care and Antiretroviral Initiation Implementation Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Across Sub-Saharan Africa.

Linkage to care (LTC) and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are key components in the longitudinal care cascade for people living with HIV. Many strategies to optimize these stages of HIV care have been implemented, though there is a paucity of analyses comparing the outcomes of these efforts in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a systematic review of studies assessing interventions along all stages of the HIV care continuum published between 2008 and 2020.

Injection drug use practices and HIV infection among people who inject drugs in Kigali, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study.

Background: In Rwanda, epidemiological data characterizing people who inject drugs (PWID) and their burden of HIV are limited. We examined injection drug use (IDU) history and practices, and HIV infection in a sample of PWID in Kigali.

Methods: From October 2019 to February 2020, 307 PWID aged ≥ 18 were enrolled in a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling in Kigali.

Deceased-Donor Kidney Biopsy Scoring Systems for Predicting Future Graft Function: A Comparative Study.

Background: Deceased-donor kidney quality pretransplantation is considered critical for future graft function. Assessment of donor kidney quality considers clinical and histologic variables. Several models that incorporate a variety of these factors have been proposed to predict long-term graft survival.

COVID-19 and the US response: accelerating health inequities.

Health inequities have long defined health and the healthcare system in the USA. The clinical and research capacity across the USA is unparalleled, yet compared to other high and even some middle-income countries, the average health indicators of the population remain suboptimal in 2020, a finding at least in part explained by inequity in healthcare access. In this context, COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a major threat to the public's health.

Adenochondroma of the Thyroid in a 3-Year-Old Female: A Case Report.

Follicular adenomas are the most common benign thyroid neoplasm but are unusual in children. However, other rare degenerative lesions and those of developmental origin can also present as thyroid masses. This article reports the first described pediatric thyroid adenochondroma.

Label-free ferrohydrodynamic cell separation of circulating tumor cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have significant implications in both basic cancer research and clinical applications. To address the limited availability of viable CTCs for fundamental and clinical investigations, effective separation of extremely rare CTCs from blood is critical. Ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (FCS), a label-free method that conducted cell sorting based on cell size difference in biocompatible ferrofluids, has thus far not been able to enrich low-concentration CTCs from cancer patients' blood because of technical challenges associated with processing clinical samples.

Intensification of Treatment for Angiosarcoma of the Breast with Accelerated Hyperfractionated Radiation, Hyperthermia, and Surgical Resection.

Angiosarcoma (AS) of the breast is a rare malignancy most commonly encountered as a secondary malignancy after the treatment of breast cancer with or without adjuvant radiation. The prognosis for secondary AS is poor, with reported five-year overall survival rates ranging from 10%-43%. The establishment of local control is vital to prognosis, yet patients often die with locally progressive disease.

Engineering Styrene Monooxygenase for Biocatalysis: Reductase-Epoxidase Fusion Proteins.

The enantioselective epoxidation of styrene and related compounds by two-component styrene monooxygenases (SMOs) has targeted these enzymes for development as biocatalysts. In the present work, we prepare genetically engineered fusion proteins that join the C-terminus of the epoxidase (StyA) to the N-terminus of the reductase (StyB) through a linker peptide and demonstrate their utility as biocatalysts in the synthesis of Tyrain purple and other indigoid dyes. A single-vector expression system offers a simplified platform for transformation and expansion of the catalytic function of styrene monooxygenases, and the resulting fusion proteins are self-regulated and couple efficiently NADH oxidation to styrene epoxidation.

An assessment of the levels of perceived social support among older adults living with HIV and AIDS in Dublin.

Objectives: To determine the level of perceived social support among older adults living with HIV and AIDS in Dublin.

Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from 46 adults aged 50 years or older who are members of open heart house (OHH) in Ireland, a peer support network for people living with HIV and AIDS. Participants completed a set of interviewer-assisted questionnaires, which included the multidimensional measure of perceived social support (PSS) to assess the level of social support.

Help-seeking behavior among women currently leaking urine in Nigeria: is it any different from the rest of the world?

Objective: We examined help-seeking behaviors and factors influencing their choice of hospital care in women currently leaking urine.

Materials And Methods: This study was part of a multistage community survey conducted among 5001 women in Nigeria who participated in the Ibadan Urinary Incontinence Household Survey. Help-seeking behavior was analyzed among 139 respondents currently leaking urine within the population surveyed.

Effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on immune response in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats.

The immunomodulatory effect of the probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats was studied. Thirty (30) rats divided into five groups (A-E) of 6 rats each were used for the study. Groups A, B and C rats received feed supplemented with S.

Maternal demand for cesarean section: perception and willingness to request by Nigerian antenatal clients.

Background: Contrary to the widely reported aversion to cesarean section in the West African subregion, maternal demand for cesarean section (MDCS) seems to be on the increase, and there is little evidence to explain this trend. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and attitudes of Nigerian antenatal clients towards MDCS, their willingness to request MDCS, and the relationship between willingness to request MDCS and sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 843 antenatal clients at Agbongbon/Orayan primary health care centers (PHCs), Adeoyo Maternity Hospital (SHC), and UCH Ibadan (THC), representing the three different levels of health care in Nigeria, ie, primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Theories of urinary incontinence causation: aetiological descriptions by sub-Saharan African women.

Objective: To describe the perceived causes of urinary incontinence (UI) and factors associated with awareness of causes of UI among women in the community.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of data extracted from the Ibadan Urinary Incontinence Household Survey (IUIHS), a multi-stage community survey conducted among 5001 women in Nigeria.

Results: The mean age was 34.

Prevalence and the associated trigger factors of urinary incontinence among 5000 black women in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from a community survey.

Study Type: Symptom prevalence (prospective cohort).

Level Of Evidence: 1b.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and describe possible trigger factors of urinary incontinence (UI) among adult women in a Nigerian community.

Childbirth method has an effect on non-fistulous urinary incontinence amongst sub-Saharan African women: fact or fallacy?

Introduction And Hypothesis: The association of mode of childbirth and non-fistulous urinary incontinence has been largely explored among Caucasians with little or no information from black female population living in developing countries. The aim of this study is to address this gap in knowledge.

Methods: A Household Survey of Urinary Incontinence was conducted in 2009.

Pattern of contraceptive use among women with sickle cell disease in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between January and April 2009. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of contraceptive use among females of reproductive age, with sickle cell (SC) disease, attending various clinics at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. It is evident in this study that even although contraceptive awareness in this group of patients is high, the prevalence of contraceptive use is very low which is comparable with the general population.

Continuous hypopharyngeal pH measurements in spontaneously breathing anesthetized outpatients: laryngeal mask airway versus tracheal intubation.

We measured the hypopharyngeal pH to compare the incidence of regurgitation associated with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the tracheal tube (TT) in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized patients. Sixty outpatients scheduled for elective peripheral surgery with a standardized general anesthetic technique were randomly allocated to receive either a LMA (n = 28) or a TT (n = 32) for airway management. A 4-mm pH electrode was placed in the hypopharynx, and pH values were continuously collected and stored in a portable pH data logger system until the end of the operation.