Publications by authors named "Okishio K"
Background/aim: Pneumonitis during durvalumab consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a major cause of treatment discontinuation. Although previous studies have revealed an association between antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity and the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there are no reports on durvalumab consolidation therapy. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of durvalumab after CRT in ANA-positive patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * A retrospective analysis of 650 NSCLC patients was conducted using machine learning models to assess the relationship between the number of dissected lymph nodes and recurrence risk, with the random forest model showing the best predictive performance.
- * Results indicate that dissecting around 10 lymph nodes minimizes recurrence risk, while dissecting more than 20 nodes significantly increases that risk, suggesting a careful approach to lymph node dissection during surgery.
Article Synopsis
- Predicting postoperative recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for improving treatment strategies, and previous research has linked PD-L1 expression to recurrence risks.
- This study utilized machine learning on clinical data from 647 NSCLC patients to evaluate how well PD-L1 expression predicts recurrence after surgery, using various analytical methods.
- The results showed that the random forest model was the most effective in prediction, confirming that higher levels of PD-L1 expression are associated with increased risk of recurrence, which could enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC treatment.
Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC in the perioperative setting on the basis of phase 3 trials. However, the characteristics of such patients who are susceptible to recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy or who are likely to benefit from postoperative immunotherapy have remained unclear.
Methods: This biomarker study (WJOG12219LTR) was designed to evaluate cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells, CD8 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor mutation burden in completely resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC with the use of archived DNA and tissue samples from the prospective WJOG4107 trial.
Article Synopsis
- ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs), like brigatinib, are used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer but face challenges with resistance, prompting this research to assess factors affecting their effectiveness and safety in real-world settings.
- The study involves three patient cohorts with a total of 180 participants, examining their tumor DNA and serum proteins before and during brigatinib treatment, alongside evaluating quality of life and safety.
- Ultimately, the research aims to identify predictors of how well ALK-TKIs work and the mechanisms behind resistance, contributing valuable insights to cancer treatment.
Purpose: E7389-LF is a liposomal formulation of eribulin that contributes to tumor vascular remodeling. The phase II part of this phase Ib/II study assessed the efficacy/safety of E7389-LF in combination with nivolumab in several disease cohorts; herein, we report results from the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cohort.
Experimental Design: Patients with unresectable/measurable SCLC and disease progression with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with/without an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) were enrolled to receive E7389-LF 2.
Introduction: Perioperative treatment in NSCLC has gained marked attention with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Such a paradigm shift has given us additional opportunities to evaluate potential biomarkers in patients with these curable disease stages.
Methods: This study (WJOG12319LTR) was designed as a biomarker study to evaluate whether soluble immune markers were prognostic or predictive on relapse-free survival in patients with stage II to IIIA NSCLC who underwent complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus S-1, which is an oral fluoropyrimidine formulation that consists of tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil, or S-1 alone in the previous WJOG4107 study.
Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis is becoming indispensable for the treatment of advanced lung cancer. NGS analysis requires a large number of cancer cell-containing tissues; however, it is often difficult for small biopsies to obtain the required quantities. In microdissection, only the tumour parts of a tissue specimen are obtained, which thereby increases the tumour content and tumour cell count of the tissue specimen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uncommon EGFR mutations is a rare group, making up 14% of EGFR mutations, and this study examines the effectiveness of osimertinib in treating these patients.
- The trial included 42 patients, with 40 eligible and received osimertinib at a dose of 80 mg daily, tracking outcomes like overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS).
- Results showed a 55.0% ORR and a 90.0% disease control rate (DCR), with a median PFS of 9.4 months, highlighting the potential of osimertinib in this uncommon mutation category.
Background: While PD-L1 expression and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer, few studies have considered their interaction. We hypothesized that the product of PD-L1 expression (tumor proportion score) and the NLR (PD-L1 × NLR) might be a postoperative prognostic marker reflecting the immune microenvironment of lung cancer.
Methods: We analyzed the association between PD-L1 × NLR and postoperative recurrence-free survival in 647 patients with NSCLC using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
Article Synopsis
- The phase III IMPACT study evaluated the effectiveness of adjuvant gefitinib compared to cisplatin plus vinorelbine (cis/vin) for patients with completely resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
- Although the study didn't meet its main goal of improving disease-free survival (DFS), researchers focused on identifying molecular predictors of gefitinib's effectiveness among 202 patients analyzed for cancer-related gene mutations.
- Key findings revealed that NOTCH1 co-mutations indicated a poorer overall survival in the gefitinib group, while CREBBP co-mutations suggested better outcomes in terms of DFS and overall survival for the cis/vin group.
Article Synopsis
- Osteoblastic bone reaction (OBR) is often mistaken for disease progression in patients with bone metastasis, particularly in those treated for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with osimertinib.
- A study reviewing 45 patients found that 82% experienced OBR, especially in those with existing sclerotic lesions, with no significant difference in progression-free survival between groups with and without OBR.
- OBR was identified as a significant predictor of longer skeletal-related events-free survival; patients with OBR had a trend toward better outcomes compared to those without it.
Background: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination chemotherapy of docetaxel plus S-1 in patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to docetaxel alone.
Methods: Patients with previously treated NSCLC were randomly assigned to docetaxel alone (arm A) or a combination of docetaxel and S-1 (arm B) for a maximum of four cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).
Article Synopsis
- - Patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who receive EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors like osimertinib tend to have longer survival compared to those without these mutations.
- - The ongoing phase II clinical trial is examining how effective osimertinib, combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, is for preventing progression of brain lesions in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations who show no disease progression in the brain after treatment.
- - The trial's main focus is on progression-free survival, while secondary goals include overall survival, treatment response rates, and safety, as well as timelines for controlling CNS symptoms and potential whole-brain irradiation.
Background/aim: Disparities in the results of next-generation sequencing-based multiplex gene panel tests and those of single-gene tests when detecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been reported. However, the possible underlying causes have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the possibilities and causes of false results obtained using cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (cobas EGFR) and Oncomine Dx Target Test (ODxTT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The KEYNOTE-407 trial found that combining pembrolizumab with chemotherapy improved overall and progression-free survival in patients with metastatic squamous non-small-cell lung cancer compared to placebo plus chemotherapy.
- In the study involving Japanese patients, those receiving pembrolizumab had a median overall survival of 17.3 months versus 11.0 months for the placebo group, indicating better efficacy of the treatment.
- Both treatment groups experienced significant adverse events, but the safety profile of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy was in line with global findings, supporting its use in this population.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of carboplatin plus irinotecan (CI) against carboplatin plus etoposide (CE) in improving overall survival for elderly patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC).
- A total of 258 elderly patients participated, with results showing a median overall survival of 13.2 months for the CI group and 12.0 months for the CE group, although this difference wasn't statistically significant.
- While CI demonstrated some efficacy and had different side effects compared to CE, the findings indicate that CE should continue to be the standard treatment for this patient population.
Vocal code paralysis (VCP) is a rare complication of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). In most previously reported cases of VCP after SBRT, VCP was left-sided because of anatomic vulnerability. Here, we report a case of right-sided VCP following SBRT for non-small-cell lung cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDabrafenib plus trametinib is the standard treatment for BRAF V600E-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. No treatment-related cerebral infarction (CI) has been reported in previous clinical trials. Here, we described a 61-year-old Japanese man with BRAF V600E-mutated lung adenocarcinoma treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib as a third-line treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: Regimens with bevacizumab (Bev) have high response rates. We previously showed the efficacy of Bev plus carboplatin (CBDCA)/nab-paclitaxel (nab-PTX) in the treatment of non-squamous (non-SQ) non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC) with malignant pleural effusion in a phase II trial. However, few studies have reported the efficacy and safety of this regimen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Ramucirumab (RAM) and docetaxel (DOC) are commonly used after first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we aimed to elucidate sequencing strategies of RAM and DOC following prior treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), cytotoxic agent (CTx) alone, bevacizumab (BEV), and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).
Methods: We recruited patients with NSCLC who received RAM and DOC and compared the groups with and without prior ICI, CTx alone, BEV, and TKI, respectively.
Article Synopsis
- Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) may be linked to a lower incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-pneumonitis) in lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), but this has not been thoroughly studied.
- Researchers analyzed data from 712 lung cancer patients receiving ICI therapy, finding that those with lone PPFE had a significantly lower occurrence of ICI-pneumonitis and a longer median overall survival compared to those with other ILDs.
- The study concludes that ICI therapy appears safer for lung cancer patients with lone PPFE, suggesting it could be a protective factor against serious complications.
Article Synopsis
- Chest CT is a valuable tool for evaluating the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, but the factors influencing disease progression are unclear.
- A study of 450 patients utilized automated imaging to analyze lesion extent on chest CT and found correlations with body-mass index, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and albumin.
- Among these, lactate dehydrogenase was specifically identified as a significant predictor of severe disease, suggesting it could aid in identifying high-risk patients during initial assessments.
Article Synopsis
- Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a rare and aggressive form of lung cancer that tends to recur after surgery and is resistant to chemotherapy, possibly linked to mutations in key genes like TP53, ATM, PIK3CA, and EGFR.
- A study of 55 patients who had surgery for PPC analyzed these gene mutations to understand their effect on patient survival, using advanced gene sequencing techniques.
- The findings revealed that PIK3CA mutations significantly affected overall survival, with a hazard ratio suggesting that patients with these mutations are at a higher risk of worse outcomes compared to those without.