RSVP Keyboard with Inquiry Preview: mixed performance and user experience with an adaptive, multimodal typing interface combining EEG and switch input.

Objective: The RSVP Keyboard is a non-implantable, event-related potential-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system designed to support communication access for people with severe speech and physical impairments. Here we introduce Inquiry Preview, a new RSVP Keyboard interface incorporating switch input for users with some voluntary motor function, and describe its effects on typing performance and other outcomes.

Approach: Four individuals with disabilities participated in the collaborative design of possible switch input applications for the RSVP Keyboard, leading to the development of Inquiry Preview and a method of fusing switch input with language model and electroencephalography (EEG) evidence for typing.

The Effect of Jittered Stimulus Onset Interval on Electrophysiological Markers of Attention in a Brain-Computer Interface Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Paradigm.

Brain responses to discrete stimuli are modulated when multiple stimuli are presented in sequence. These alterations are especially pronounced when the time course of an evoked response overlaps with responses to subsequent stimuli, such as in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm used to control a brain-computer interface (BCI). The present study explored whether the measurement or classification of select brain responses during RSVP would improve through application of an established technique for dealing with overlapping stimulus presentations, known as irregular or "jittered" stimulus onset interval (SOI).

Contributions of loneliness to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults are independent of other risk factors and Alzheimer's pathology: a narrative review.

Loneliness significantly contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. Loneliness is a distressing feeling resulting from a perceived lack of social connection (i.e.

Rapid Passive Gamma Mapping as an Adjunct to Electrical Stimulation Mapping for Functional Localization in Resection of Primary Brain Neoplasms.

Objective: We examined the utility of passive high gamma mapping (HGM) as an adjunct to conventional awake brain mapping during glioma resection. We compared functional and survival outcomes before and after implementing intraoperative HGM.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 75 patients who underwent a first-time, awake craniotomy for glioma resection.

Patterns of Respiration Rate Reactivity in Response to a Cognitive Stressor Associate With Self-Reported Mental Health Outcomes.

Many studies have examined physiological responses to acute stress in healthy and clinical populations. Some have documented exaggerated physiological stress reactivity in response to acute stress, while others have reported blunted physiological stress reactivity. Although the literature is conflicted, the relationship between abnormal physiological stress reactivity and negative outcomes is well-established.

Mindful nonreactivity moderates the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.

PTSD and depression represent major individual and societal burdens. Depression is commonly comorbid with PTSD among veterans, although buffers of this relationship are unclear. We evaluated whether facets of mindfulness moderated the relationship between PTSD and depression in veterans with PTSD ( = 70).

Protocol for an exploratory, randomised, single-blind clinical trial of aerobic exercise to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: There is an urgent need for remyelinating therapies that restore function in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Aerobic exercise is a promising remyelinating strategy because it promotes remyelination in animal models both independently and synergistically with medications. Here, in this study, we present an innovative, randomised, single-blind, clinical trial designed to explore: the relationship between demyelination and mobility (part 1), and if 24 weeks of aerobic exercise promotes remyelination in pwMS (part 2).

Musculoskeletal Pain, a Possible Indicator of Central Sensitization, Is Positively Associated With Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Men.

Background: Musculoskeletal pain, a possible marker of central sensitization, is associated with higher prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among older men. We investigated whether musculoskeletal pain is associated with LUTS progression.

Methods: Participants were 5 569 men age ≥65 years enrolled in the prospective, multicenter Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study.

Concurrent ankle-assisted movement, biofeedback, and proprioceptive stimulation reduces lower limb motor impairment and improves gait in persons with stroke.

Background: Persons with stroke live with residual sensorimotor impairments in their lower limbs (LL), which affects their gait.

Purpose: We investigated whether these residual impairments and resulting gait deficits can be reduced through concurrently applied assisted movement, biofeedback, and proprioceptive stimulation.

Methods: A robotic device provided impairment-oriented training to the affected LL of 24 persons with stroke (PwS) with moderate-to-severe LL impairment.

A systematic review of research on augmentative and alternative communication brain-computer interface systems for individuals with disabilities.

Unlabelled: Augmentative and alternative communication brain-computer interface (AAC-BCI) systems are intended to offer communication access to people with severe speech and physical impairment (SSPI) without requiring volitional movement. As the field moves toward clinical implementation of AAC-BCI systems, research involving participants with SSPI is essential. Research has demonstrated variability in AAC-BCI system performance across users, and mixed results for comparisons of performance for users with and without disabilities.

Acupuncture-Induced Changes in Nociception, Measured by Pain-Related Evoked Potentials: A Pilot Mechanistic Study.

The nociceptive system has been implicated in acupuncture analgesia, although acupuncture's precise mechanism of action remains unknown. Electric pain-related evoked potentials (PREPs) have emerged as an effective and reliable electrophysiologic method for evaluation of the human nociceptive system by electric stimulation of nociceptive Aδ and C fibers. This pilot mechanistic study aims to assess the feasibility of using advanced PREP techniques together with electroacupuncture and to use PREPs to characterize acupuncture's effect on nociception.

Immediate impact of yogic breathing on pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear fluid bathing the central nervous system (CNS), undergoes pulsatile movements. Together with interstitial fluid, CSF plays a critical role for the removal of waste products from the brain, and maintenance of the CNS health. As such, understanding the mechanisms driving CSF movement is of high scientific and clinical impact.

Methodology and preliminary data on feasibility of a neurofeedback protocol to improve visual attention to letters in mild Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are controlled by users through neurophysiological input for a variety of applications, including communication, environmental control, and motor rehabilitation. Although individuals with severe speech and physical impairment are the primary users of this technology, BCIs have emerged as a potential tool for broader populations, including delivering cognitive training/interventions with neurofeedback (NFB).

Methods: This paper describes the development and preliminary testing of a protocol for use of a BCI system with NFB as an intervention for people with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Target-Related Alpha Attenuation in a Brain-Computer Interface Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Calibration.

This study evaluated the feasibility of using occipitoparietal alpha activity to drive target/non-target classification in a brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication. EEG data were collected from 12 participants who completed BCI Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) calibrations at two different presentation rates: 1 and 4 Hz. Attention-related changes in posterior alpha activity were compared to two event-related potentials (ERPs): N200 and P300.

Respiration rate during a stress task moderates neuroticism and perceived stress in older adults.

Background: Research suggests that respiration rate is related to psychological factors such as neuroticism and perceived stress in addition to physiological factors. However, it is unclear how respiration rate during a laboratory stress task relates to the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress.

Participants And Procedure: This cross-sectional secondary analysis examined respiration rate during a stress task in moderating the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress in a sample of generally healthy older adults ( = 64).

Compassion, communication, and the perception of control: a mixed methods study to investigate patients' perspectives on clinical practices for alleviating distress and promoting empowerment during awake craniotomies.

Purpose: To inquire into clinical practices perceived to mitigate patients' intraoperative distress during awake craniotomies.

Methods: This mixed-methods study involved administration of Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale and PTSD Checklist prior to the awake craniotomy to evaluate anxiety and information-seeking related to the procedure and symptoms of PTSD. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Depression Module of the Patient Health Questionnaire were administered before and after the procedure to evaluate generalized anxiety and depression.

Adaptive body awareness predicts fewer central sensitization-related symptoms and explains relationship between central sensitization-related symptoms and pain intensity: A cross-sectional study among individuals with chronic pain.

Background: Central sensitization (CS), defined as the amplification of neural signaling within the CNS that elicits pain hypersensitivity, is thought be a characteristic of several chronic pain conditions. Maladaptive body awareness is thought to contribute and maintain CS. Less is known about the relationship between CS and adaptive body awareness.

Lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with musculoskeletal pain among older men: Preliminary evidence for central sensitization as a mechanism?

Aims: Features of central sensitization (CS) are present in almost all chronic pain conditions, including painful urinary conditions and back pain. Recently CS was proposed as a mechanism of nonpainful lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Using musculoskeletal pain as an indicator of CS, we investigated whether the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain is greater among community-dwelling men with moderate or severe LUTS compared to those with mild LUTS.

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the English Version of the Postural Awareness Scale.

Purpose: The Postural Awareness Scale (PAS) was developed among a sample of German speakers to measure self-reported awareness of body posture. The first aim of this study was to conduct an English translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PAS. The second aim was to assess psychometric properties of the English version of the PAS.

Classroom-Based Mindfulness Training Reduces Anxiety in Adolescents: Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Cluster-Randomized Pilot Study.

Objective: Many high school students experience a high degree of anxiety and perceived stress. This study examined whether a classroom-based mindfulness program or a wellness program were acceptable and effective as anxiety and stress reduction interventions based on students' self-reports.

Design Setting And Participants: Thirteen health education classes (=285 students, aged 14-16 years) were randomized by classroom to one of three conditions: mindfulness, wellness, or usual health class only (passive control/ waitlist), for 8 weeks.

The effects of an internet-based mindfulness meditation intervention on electrophysiological markers of attention.

Evidence suggests that mindfulness meditation training has the potential to train aspects of attention. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning the attentional benefits from mindfulness remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial examined changes in electrophysiological markers of attention before and after completion of a 6-week internet-based mindfulness intervention.

Results of a mindfulness intervention feasibility study among elder African American women: A qualitative analysis.

Objectives: . Older African Americans have a significantly higher risk than older white Americans for cognitive decline and other health problems. Much of this may be due to the unique stressors, both historically and in-the-moment, that African Americans face in contrast to whites, such as gentrification and health disparities.