PROCEED v6.1: Phenotypic rates of change evolutionary and ecological database.

Populations must continuously respond to environmental change or risk extinction. These responses can be measured as phenotypic rates of change, which allow researchers to predict their contemporary evolutionary responses. In 1999, a database of phenotypic rates of change in wild populations was compiled.

Cost and Life Cycle Emissions of Ethanol Produced with an Oxyfuel Boiler and Carbon Capture and Storage.

Decarbonization of transportation fuels represents one of the most vexing challenges for climate change mitigation. Biofuels derived from corn starch have offered modest life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions over fossil fuels. Here we show that capture and storage of CO emissions from corn ethanol fermentation achieves ∼58% reduction in the GHG intensity (CI) of ethanol at a levelized cost of 52 $/tCOe abated.

Compiling forty years of guppy research to investigate the factors contributing to (non)parallel evolution.

Examples of parallel evolution have been crucial for our understanding of adaptation via natural selection. However, strong parallelism is not always observed even in seemingly similar environments where natural selection is expected to favour similar phenotypes. Leveraging this variation in parallelism within well-researched study systems can provide insight into the factors that contribute to variation in adaptive responses.

Prevalence and pattern of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Nigerian bricklayers.

Background: Typically, bricklayers in developing countries' contexts manually lay bricks, concrete blocks and other similar materials to construct walls and buildings which make them susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). The burden of WRMSDs among this high-risk group seems has not been well documented.

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of WRMSDs among bricklayers in Nigeria.

Clinal genomic analysis reveals strong reproductive isolation across a steep habitat transition in stickleback fish.

How ecological divergence causes strong reproductive isolation between populations in close geographic contact remains poorly understood at the genomic level. We here study this question in a stickleback fish population pair adapted to contiguous, ecologically different lake and stream habitats. Clinal whole-genome sequence data reveal numerous genome regions (nearly) fixed for alternative alleles over a distance of just a few hundred meters.

Factors associated with fatigue in hip and/or knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis.

Objective: The aim was systematically to identify and evaluate factors related to fatigue in individuals with hip and/or knee OA.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Web of Science Core Collections databases. Inclusion criteria comprised cross-sectional, case-control or longitudinal studies on patients with a diagnosis of hip and/or knee OA that included self-reported fatigue measures.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of yoruba version of the short-form 12 health survey.

Conclusion: This is the first study to assess the psychometric properties of the Y-SF-12. It appears to be valid and may be an appropriate tool for assessing health-related quality of life among Yoruba population. The tool may help to improve the health outcomes of individuals, and redress health inequalities in low and middle-income countries.

Validation of the Yoruba Version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Study Design: Cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis.

Objective: This study determined the test-retest reliability, acceptability, internal consistency, divergent validity of the Yoruba pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ-Y). It also examined the ceiling and floor effects and the small detectable change (SDC) of the PSEQ-Y among patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Recent declines in salmon body size impact ecosystems and fisheries.

Declines in animal body sizes are widely reported and likely impact ecological interactions and ecosystem services. For harvested species subject to multiple stressors, limited understanding of the causes and consequences of size declines impedes prediction, prevention, and mitigation. We highlight widespread declines in Pacific salmon size based on 60 years of measurements from 12.

An evaluation of the nature and level of musculoskeletal imaging training in physiotherapy educational programmes in Nigeria.

Background: Deficiency in musculoskeletal imaging (MI) education will pose a great challenge to physiotherapists in clinical decision making in this era of first-contact physiotherapy practices in many developed and developing countries. This study evaluated the nature and the level of MI training received by physiotherapists who graduate from Nigerian universities.

Methods: An online version of the previously validated Physiotherapist Musculoskeletal Imaging Profiling Questionnaire (PMIPQ) was administered to all eligible physiotherapists identified through the database of the Medical Rehabilitation Therapist Board of Nigeria.

Profile of practitioners, and factors influencing home care physiotherapy model of practice in Nigeria.

The present study investigated factors that influenced home care physiotherapy (HCP) services and profile of the practitioners in Nigeria. It also investigated if the service was registered with the Regulatory Agency. Three hundred and thirty conveniently sampled physiotherapists in Nigeria participated in the cross-sectional survey.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric testing of the Yoruba version of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire in patients with low-back pain.

Purpose: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire into Yoruba language.

Materials And Methods: Translation and cultural adaptation of the Yoruba version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire was carried out following the Guillemin criteria. One hundred and thirty-one individuals with chronic low-back pain participated in the psychometric evaluation of the Yoruba language translation.

Independent lineages in a common environment: the roles of determinism and contingency in shaping the migration timing of even- versus odd-year pink salmon over broad spatial and temporal scales.

Studies of parallel evolution are seldom able to disentangle the influence of cryptic environmental variation from that of evolutionary history; whereas the unique life history of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) presents an opportunity to do so. All pink salmon mature at age two and die after breeding. Hence, pink salmon bred in even years are completely reproductively isolated from those bred in odd years, even if the two lineages bred in same location.

Sexual dimorphism modifies habitat-associated divergence: Evidence from beach and creek breeding sockeye salmon.

Studies of parallel or convergent evolution (the repeated, independent evolution of similar traits in similar habitats) rarely explicitly quantify the extent of parallelism (i.e. variation in the direction and/or magnitude of divergence) between the sexes; instead, they often investigate both sexes together or exclude one sex.

Evaluation of Predictive Factors Influencing Community Reintegration in Adult Patients with Stroke.

Objectives: Patients with stroke are faced with gait, balance, and fall difficulties which could impact on their community reintegration. In Nigeria, community reintegration after stroke has been understudied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictors of community reintegration in adult patients with stroke.

Relationships between respiratory parameters, exercise capacity and psychosocial factors in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects respiratory functioning and psychosocial factors. However, little is known about perceived ability of people with COPD to engage in a regular exercise program. This study assessed respiratory parameters, exercise capacity, psychosocial factors and their relations in people with COPD.

Association between exercise-induced asthma and parental socio-economic status among school-aged adolescents in a semiurban community in Nigeria.

This study investigated the prevalence and association between exercise-induced asthma (EIA) and parental socio-economic status (PSES) among school-aged adolescents in a semiurban community in Nigeria. Three hundred and eighty-five adolescents (185 male and 200 female adolescents) whose ages ranged between 10 and 19 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from four government approved secondary schools in Ido-Ekiti using a multistage sampling technique.

How Parallel Is Parallel Evolution? A Comparative Analysis in Fishes.

Evidence of phenotypic parallelism is often used to infer the deterministic role played by natural selection. However, variation in the extent or direction of divergence is often evident among independent evolutionary replicates, raising the following question: just how parallel, overall, is parallel evolution? We answer this question through a comparative analysis of studies of fishes, a taxon where parallel evolution has been much discussed. We first ask how much of the among-population variance in phenotypic traits can be explained by different "environment" types, such as high predation versus low predation or benthic versus limnetic.

Relationships among exercise capacity, dynamic balance and gait characteristics of Nigerian patients with type-2 diabetes: an indication for fall prevention.

This study investigated the relationships among exercise capacity (EC), dynamic balance (DB), and gait characteristics (GCs) of patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) and healthy controls (HCs). This observational controlled study involved 125 patients with T2D receiving treatment at a Nigerian university teaching hospital and 125 apparently healthy patients' relatives and hospital staff recruited as controls. EC maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was estimated following a 6-min walk test.

Assessment of functional capacity and sleep quality of patients with chronic heart failure.

Background: Adequate sleep improves physical and mental alertness. However, there is a dearth of empirical data on functional capacity (FC) and sleep quality (SpQ) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between FC and SpQ of patients with CHF and apparently healthy controls (HCs).

Relationship between functional capacity and health-related quality of life of patients with type-2 diabetes.

Aims: Physical function is a determinant of survival in chronic diseases, however, little is known about functional capacity (FC) and self-reported health status of patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the relationship between FC and health related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with T2D.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 150 patients with T2D from a Nigerian university teaching hospital using purposive sampling technique.

Does plasticity enhance or dampen phenotypic parallelism? A test with three lake-stream stickleback pairs.

Parallel (and convergent) phenotypic variation is most often studied in the wild, where it is difficult to disentangle genetic vs. environmentally induced effects. As a result, the potential contributions of phenotypic plasticity to parallelism (and nonparallelism) are rarely evaluated in a formal sense.

When maladaptive gene flow does not increase selection.

Populations receiving high maladaptive gene flow are expected to experience strong directional selection-because gene flow pulls mean phenotypes away from local fitness peaks. We tested this prediction by means of a large and replicated mark-recapture study of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in two stream populations. One of the populations (outlet) experiences high gene flow from the lake population and its morphology is correspondingly poorly adapted.