Post-operative glioblastoma cancer cell distribution in the peritumoural oedema.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumour, exhibits low survival rates due to its rapid growth, infiltrates surrounding brain tissue, and is highly resistant to treatment. One major challenge is oedema infiltration, a fluid build-up that provides a path for cancer cells to invade other areas. MRI resolution is insufficient to detect these infiltrating cells, leading to relapses despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

A Single-Centre Experience of the Management and Surgical Outcomes of Late-Onset Idiopathic Aqueductal Stenosis.

Background Although idiopathic aqueductal stenosis is a congenital disorder, some patients present in adulthood. Many theories have tried to account for the late-onset presentation; however, the aetiology remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) managed at our centre.

Dundee Annual Neurosurgery Skills Event (DANSE)-Improving the Availability and Affordability of Neurosurgical Skills Workshops for Medical Students.

 Neurosurgery can be a daunting career choice for medical students, with preparation for trainee application often being inaccessible and expensive. This article describes a student-led neurosurgical skills event supported by local neurosurgery faculty members. Such event was designed to offer a means to bridge this gap by providing an opportunity to practice neurosurgical techniques in simulation, and learn about what a career in neurosurgery involves.

Non-penetrating deep sclerectomy versus combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in primary congenital glaucoma.

Background: The primary mode of therapy in children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and mild or no corneal edema is goniotomy, which has a high success rate. However, in developing countries, the diagnosis of PCG is usually delayed, and corneal cloudiness interferes with goniotomy. Therefore, trabeculotomy may be the best choice in such eyes.

Repair of lateral temporo-sphenoidal encephalocoele via an endoscopic transorbital approach: 3D printed simulation followed by deployment.

Background: A temporo-sphenoidal encephalocoele occurs when temporal lobe herniates through a defect in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone into the sphenoid air sinus. The natural history is not well-understood, though presentation in adulthood with CSF rhinorrhoea and/or meningitis is typical. Lateral pneumatisation of the sphenoid sinus and elevated BMI may be contributory.

COVID-19 and Spontaneous Resolution of Lumbar Disk Prolapse: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients Awaiting Microdiscectomy.

Background:  Between individual patients with lumbar disk prolapse (LDP), the natural course of disease is significantly variable. Spontaneous resolution is reported to occur in up to 70% of cases. However, we currently cannot predict for whom and when this will occur.

Continuous pH monitoring using a sensor for the early detection of anastomotic leaks.

Anastomotic leaks (AL) and staple line leaks are a serious post-operative complication that can develop following bariatric surgery. The delay in the onset of symptoms following a leak usually results in reactive diagnostics and treatment, leading to increased patient morbidity and mortality, and a clinical and economic burden on both the patient and the hospital. Despite support in literature for pH as a biomarker for early detection of AL, the current methods of pH detection require significant clinician involvement and resources.

Development and evaluation of a dual-purpose machine for chopping and crushing forage crops.

Reducing reliance on fossil fuels with clean and sustainable alternatives is essential for mitigating climate change and global warming-related environmental concerns. Previous researchers have studied the performance of choppers and crushers as separate units powered by diesel or gasoline engines. Nowadays, an increasing interest in producing Eco-friendly machines that stand out for being dual purposes, cost-effectiveness, and with lengths suitable for feeding ruminants are imperative to achieving economic and sustainable goals.

Potentials of additional copper filtration on radiation dose and image quality for adults underwent digital chest X-ray imaging in Dubai Health Authority - UAE.

Objective: To explore the potentials of adding copper (Cu) filter on image quality and patient dose of adult patients underwent chest X-ray examination METHODS: Patients were divided into four groups. Group 1, patients were exposed with no added Cu filter (standard or control), group 2 a 0.1 mm Cu filter was added, group 3 acquired with 0.

Fat in the Fossa and the Sphenoid Sinus: A Simple and Effective Solution to CSF Leaks in Transsphenoidal Surgery. Cohort Study and Systematic Review.

 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) remains a challenge and is associated with high morbidity. We perform a primary repair with f at in the pituitary f ossa and further fat in the s phenoid sinus (FFS). We compare the efficacy of this FFS technique with other repair methods and perform a systematic review.

Analysis of the correlation between mesocarp biomechanics and its cell turgor pressure: A combined FEM-DEM investigation for irrigation-caused tomato cracking.

Fruit mesocarp cracking caused by improper irrigation during development manifests at the macroscale but is ultimately the result of increasing cell turgor pressure at the microscale. Hence, a cell finite element (FE) model including shape, protoplast turgor pressure, and ripening information and a mesocarp tissue block discrete element (DE) model including the features of cell shape and number, were developed to predict the biomechanical correlation between mesocarp and its cell. The validated cell FE model with an internal turgor pressure of 12.

A combined machine for collecting and chopping rice straw.

Due to the recent high prices of livestock feed in the world and the new sustainable management practices of rice straw, livestock farmers are obligated to either use or purchase rice straw and cut it to desired lengths to feed ruminants. Therefore, this study aimed to construct a combined machine for collecting and chopping rice straw for lengths preferred in feeding ruminants. The combined machine comprises three main units: a picking up unit, a chopping unit, and a takeout unit.

Fully Endoscopic Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Technical Note Describing a Single-Center Experience.

Background: Microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve is the gold standard surgical treatment for medically refractory classical trigeminal neuralgia. Endoscopy has significantly advanced surgery and provides enhanced visualization of the cerebellopontine angle and its critical neurovascular structures. We present our initial experience of fully endoscopic microvascular decompression (e-MVD).

Evidence-based surveillance protocol for vestibular schwannomas: a long-term analysis of tumor growth using conditional probability.

Objective: The growth characteristics of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) under surveillance can be studied using a Bayesian method of growth risk stratification by time after surveillance onset, allowing dynamic evaluations of growth risks. There is no consensus on the optimum surveillance strategy in terms of frequency and duration, particularly for long-term growth risks. In this study, the long-term conditional probability of new VS growth was reported for patients after 5 years of demonstrated nongrowth.

Surgical Management of Spinal Chordoma: A Systematic Review and Single-Center Experience.

Objective: Chordoma is a rare neoplasm of the neuraxis derived from remnants of the primitive notochord. The importance of wide margins and use of adjuvant therapy in spinal chordomas are still contentious points in the management of spinal chordomas. We conducted a systematic review of the surgical management of spinal chordomas alongside our 10-year institutional experience.

Systematic Review Comparing Open versus Endoscopic Surgery in Clival Chordomas and a 10-Year Single-Center Experience.

 Chordomas are rare, slow-growing, and osteo-destructive tumors of the primitive notochord. There is still contention in the literature as to the optimal management of chordoma. We conducted a systematic review of the surgical management of chordoma along with our 10-year institutional experience.

pH-dependence of signaling-state formation in Drosophila cryptochrome.

Cryptochromes, FAD-dependent blue light photoreceptors, undergo a series of electron transfer reactions after light excitation. Time-resolved optical spectroscopy was employed to investigate the pH dependence of all light-dependent reactions in the cryptochrome from fruit flies. Signal state formation experiments on a time scale of seconds were found to be strongly pH dependent, and formation of both anionic and neutral FAD radicals could be detected, with reaction rates increasing by a factor of ~2.

Utility of image-guided external ventriculostomy: analysis of contemporary practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Objective: Freehand external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is associated with a high rate of catheter misplacement. Image-guided EVD placement with neuronavigation or ultrasound has been proposed as a safer, more accurate alternative with potential to facilitate proper placement and reduce catheter malfunction risk. This study aimed to determine the impact of image-guided EVD placement on catheter tip position and drain functionality.

Transcortical Approach to Deep-Seated Intraventricular and Intra-axial Tumors Using a Tubular Retractor System: A Technical Note and Review of the Literature.

Background:  Retraction of white matter overlying a brain lesion can be difficult without causing significant trauma especially when using traditional methods of bladed retractors. These conventional retractors can produce regions of focal pressure resulting in contusions and areas of infarct.

Methods:  In this article, we present a retrospective case series of six patients with deep-seated intraventricular and intra-axial tumors that were approached using a ViewSite Brain Access System (tubular retractor).

Biochemical Assessments of Seminal Plasma Zinc, Testis-Expressed Sequence 101 and Free Amino Acids and Their Correlations with Reproductive Hormones in Male Infertility.

The role of the male factors in the couple's infertility has been significantly increased in recent years due to a sententious assessment of male reproductive functions and enhanced diagnostic tools. We investigated the correlations among the seminal plasma (SP) levels of each of zinc, testis-expressed sequence 101 (TEX101), and free amino acids levels with reproductive hormones in adult fertile and infertile men. The study included 100 infertile men categorized into 50 non-obstructive azoospermic patients and 50 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT), in addition to 50 fertile controls.

Diffuse Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Mimicking Aneurysmal Bleeding Secondary to Ophthalmic Artery Avulsion: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common finding following traumatic brain injury. In some cases, it can be associated with hydrocephalus. This type of hemorrhage is mostly caused by the rupture of small vessels in the brain and is usually managed conservatively.

Shunt disconnection is less likely using a surgeon's knot compared with a surgical constrictor knot.

Introduction: Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt malfunction is a common neurosurgical presentation, which may occur as a result of shunt disconnection at the level of the valve. Previous studies assessing ligatures have suggested that the constrictor knot is stronger in securing a ligature compared to the surgeon's knot. Our study compared the ability of each knot to secure shunt tubing to the valve.

Brain pseudotumour secondary to Behçet's disease.

Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) is a serious manifestation of Behçet's disease (BD) and can affect either the central or peripheral nervous systems, or both. It occurs in 10-50% of patients with BD. We report on a patient with an unusual intraparenchymal lesion, initially thought to be a brain tumour.