Investigation of the biological activity and toxicity of bioactive silver nanoparticles synthesized via Vitex agnus-castus seed extract on honey bees.

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated with bioactive molecules were synthesized via Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) seed extract (VAC/AgNPs). The synthesized VAC/AgNPs were characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ultraviolet-visible region spectroscopy (UV-Vis).

Effects of lithium on locomotor activity and circadian rhythm of honey bees.

Lithium has been considered a potential acaricidal agent against the honey bee (Apis mellifera) parasite Varroa. It is known that lithium suppresses elevated activity and regulates circadian rhythms and light response when administered to humans as a primary therapeutic chemical for bipolar disorder and to other bipolar syndrome model organisms, given the crucial role of timing in the bee's foraging activity and the alternating sunlight vs dark colony environment bees are exposed, we explored the influence of lithium on locomotor activity (LMA) and circadian rhythm of honey bees. We conducted acute and chronic lithium administration experiments, altering light conditions and lithium doses to assess LMA and circadian rhythm changes.

Lithium salts: assessment of their chronic and acute toxicities to honey bees and their anti-Varroa field efficacy.

Background: Varroa control is essential for the maintenance of healthy honey bee colonies. Overuse of acaricides has led to the evolution of resistance to those substances. Studies of the short-term acaricidal effects and safety of various lithium (Li) salts recently have been reported.

Screening Awareness of HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancers and Attitudes and Concerns towards HPV Vaccination Among Parents : HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Baseline population opinions on human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination must be understood before physicians can address knowledge gaps in that population and encourage timely vaccination. To determine the opinions of parents of children age 9 to 18 on HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers (OPC); the associations with education level, socioeconomic status, and having a family member/friend with OPC; and the main concerns against having a vaccination., An anonymous survey was created and administered.

The Balance of Roles: Graduate Student Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted personal and professional lives. Graduate students juggle a variety of roles and had to quickly adjust. In this article, six graduate students share their reflections regarding the influence of the pandemic on respective stages in their doctoral program.

Appetitive reversal learning differences of two honey bee subspecies with different foraging behaviors.

We aimed to examine mechanistically the observed foraging differences across two honey bee, , subspecies using the proboscis extension response assay. Specifically, we compared differences in appetitive reversal learning ability between honey bee subspecies: (Pollman), and (Skorikov) in a "common garden" apiary. It was hypothesized that specific learning differences could explain previously observed foraging behavior differences of these subspecies: switches between different flower color morphs in response to reward variability, and does not switch.

Nitric oxide level and adenosine deaminase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: Adenosine and nitric oxide (NO) are known as vasodilatators. We investigated adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and NO concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: Forty patients with SAH and 10 controls were included in the study.

The protective effect of dexanabinol (HU-211) on nitric oxide and cysteine protease-mediated neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia.

We hypothesized that dexanabinol can prevent neuronal death by protecting neuronal lysosomes from nitric oxide (NO)-mediated toxicity, and in turn, by suppressing the release of cathepsins during cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in two sets of animals by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. The first set was used to monitor NO concentration and cathepsin activity, while the second was used for histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin, and TUNEL staining.

Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on brain synaptosomes and protective role of betaine.

To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of chronic ethanol consumption on brain cerebral synaptosomes and preventive role of betaine as a methyl donor and S-adenosylmethionine precursor, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, ethanol (8 g/kg/day) and ethanol plus betaine(0.5% w/v) group. Animals were fed 60 ml/diet per day for two months, then sacrificed.

N-acetylcysteine in chronic blepharitis.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in chronic posterior blepharitis.

Methods: This was a prospective randomized, controlled study that included 79 eyes of 40 patients with chronic posterior blepharitis. Routine ophthalmologic examination, Schirmer-1 test, fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), and mucous fern tests were carried out during the first visit of all patients.