An Empirical Dietary Pattern Associated With the Gut Microbial Features in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Background & Aims: Epidemiologic evidence for dietary influence on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through the gut microbiome remains limited.

Methods: Leveraging 307 men and 212 women with stool metagenomes and dietary data, we characterized and validated a sex-specific dietary pattern associated with the CRC-related gut microbial signature (CRC Microbial Dietary Score [CMDS]). We evaluated the associations of CMDS with CRC risk according to Fusobacterium nucleatum, pksEscherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis status in tumor tissue using Cox proportional hazards regression in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2018), Nurses' Health Study (1984-2020), and Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2019).

Clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic features of colorectal carcinomas with KRAS c.34G>T (p.G12C) mutation.

Evidence indicates that combinations of anti-EGFR antibodies and KRAS p.G12C (c.34G>T) inhibitors can be an effective treatment strategy for advanced colorectal cancer.

Inverse relationship between amount and tumor CD274 (PD-L1) expression in colorectal carcinoma.

Objectives: The CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) immune checkpoint axis is known to regulate the antitumor immune response. Evidence also supports an immunosuppressive effect of . We hypothesised that tumor CD274 overexpression might be inversely associated with abundance of in colorectal carcinoma.

Intratumour Fusobacterium nucleatum and immune response to oesophageal cancer.

Background: Experimental evidence suggests a role of intratumour Fusobacterium nucleatum in the aggressive behaviour of gastrointestinal cancer through downregulating anti-tumour immunity. We investigated the relationship between intratumour F. nucleatum and immune response to oesophageal cancer.

Prognostic role of inflammatory diets in colorectal cancer overall and in strata of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels.

Background: Certain dietary patterns can elicit systemic and intestinal inflammatory responses, which may influence adaptive anti-tumor immune responses and tumor behavior. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory diets might be associated with higher colorectal cancer mortality and that the association might be stronger for tumors with lower immune responses.

Methods: We calculated an empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score in 2829 patients among 3988 incident rectal and colon carcinoma cases in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer: a friend or foe?

The impact of the gut microbiome on host health is becoming increasingly recognized. To date, there is growing evidence that the complex characteristics of the microbial community play key roles as potential biomarkers and predictors of responses in cancer therapy. Many studies have shown that altered commensal bacteria lead to cancer susceptibility and progression in diverse pathways.

Western-Style Diet, pks Island-Carrying Escherichia coli, and Colorectal Cancer: Analyses From Two Large Prospective Cohort Studies.

Background & Aims: Evidence supports a carcinogenic role of Escherichia coli carrying the pks island that encodes enzymes for colibactin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that the association of the Western-style diet (rich in red and processed meat) with colorectal cancer incidence might be stronger for tumors containing higher amounts of pksE coli.

Methods: Western diet score was calculated using food frequency questionnaire data obtained every 4 years during follow-up of 134,775 participants in 2 United States-wide prospective cohort studies.

PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression status in relation to chemotherapy in primary and metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficacy in various cancers. Although programmed death ligand 1/2 (PD-L1/L2) expressions have been demonstrated as predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and prognostic markers, whether PD-L1/L2 expression is altered in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during the therapeutic course is unclear. Whether PD-L1/L2 expression in metastatic or recurrent lesions is consistent with that in primary tumors is also unknown.

Adapted systemic inflammation score as a novel prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Background: The adapted systemic inflammation score (aSIS), calculated from serum albumin and the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, has been reported to be a novel prognostic marker for some types of cancers. However, the prognostic impact of aSIS in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the prognostic effects of aSIS in a large cohort of 509 ESCC patients.

Fusobacterium nucleatum confers chemoresistance by modulating autophagy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a gut microbe implicated in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. Predicting the chemotherapeutic response is critical to developing personalised therapeutic strategies for oesophageal cancer patients.

Outcomes of esophageal bypass surgery and self-expanding metallic stent insertion in esophageal cancer: reevaluation of bypass surgery as an alternative treatment.

Purpose: Advanced esophageal cancer often results in esophageal stenosis or tracheoesophageal fistula. Esophageal bypass surgery and esophageal stent insertion are palliative treatments for esophageal cancer. With improvements in metallic stents and the stent insertion technique, esophageal stent insertion appears to be performed more frequently than bypass surgery, worldwide.

Tumor immune microenvironment and immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main prevalent histological type of esophageal cancer, predominantly constituting 90% of cases worldwide. Despite the development of multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches, its prognosis remains unfavorable. Recently, the development of monoclonal antibodies inhibiting programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has led to marked therapeutic responses among multiple malignancies including ESCC.

Prognostic and clinical impact of PD-L2 and PD-L1 expression in a cohort of 437 oesophageal cancers.

Background: The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays critical roles in tumour immunology, and serves as an immune-based therapeutic target. Less is known regarding PD-L2, another ligand of PD-1, and its relation to clinical outcome in human cancers.

Methods: We used a database of 437 surgically and 100 endoscopically resected oesophageal cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, n = 483; adenocarcinoma, n = 36; others, n = 18) to evaluate PD-L2 and PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry.

Three-dimensional extension of blood vessel network by combining multiple ultrasound volumes from different directions.

We have previously proposed the use of acoustic radiation force in blood vessels for therapeutic application of ultrasound. For this purpose, we have developed a blood vessel network reconstruction algorithm to fuse between B-mode and Doppler-mode volumes. However, a size of ultrasound volume was insufficient to recognize the network for treatment.

Lysyl oxidase impacts disease outcomes and correlates with global DNA hypomethylation in esophageal cancer.

Abnormal function of human body enzymes and epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have been shown to lead to human carcinogenesis. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzyme has attracted attention due to its involvement in tumor progression in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical importance of LOX expression and its epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Naples Prognostic Score Is a Useful Prognostic Marker in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Systemic inflammation may influence the response to systemic chemotherapy or the prognosis in patients with various cancers. The Naples prognostic score, based on inflammatory and nutritional statuses, is a useful prognostic marker in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer; however, its significance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the Naples prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy and to compare its prognostic accuracy with the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, platelet:lymphocyte ratio, and the systemic immune-inflammatory index.

Morphological lymphocytic reaction, patient prognosis and PD-1 expression after surgical resection for oesophageal cancer.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as antibody against programmed cell death protein (PD-1), have demonstrated antitumour effects in patients with malignancies, including oesophageal cancer. A lymphocytic reaction observed by pathological examination is a manifestation of the host immune response to tumour cells. It was hypothesized that a stronger lymphocytic reaction to tumours might be associated with favourable prognosis in oesophageal cancer.

Clinical significance of evaluating endoscopic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background And Aim: Clinical significance of endoscopic response (ER) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for esophageal cancer has not been fully understood. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between ER to NAC and its clinicopathological outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: In total, 141 patients who underwent NAC and subsequent esophagectomy for ESCC were included.

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 promoter hypomethylation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer.

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a primary enzyme that generates immunosuppressive metabolites. It plays a major role in tumor immunology and is a potential immune-based therapeutic target. We have reported that IDO1 protein expression was associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome in esophageal cancer.