X-206 exhibits broad-spectrum anti-β-coronavirus activity, covering SARS-CoV-2 variants and drug-resistant isolates.

Coronaviruses such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, causing MERS, SARS, and Coronavirus disease-19, respectively, are highly pathogenic to humans. Notably, several antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2, such as nirmatrelvir and remdesivir, have been approved. However, no approved vaccines or antiviral agents are available for other highly pathogenic β-coronaviruses.

Skeletal abnormalities caused by a Connexin43 mutation in a mouse model for autosomal recessive craniometaphyseal dysplasia.

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD), a rare craniotubular disorder, occurs in an autosomal dominant (AD) or autosomal recessive (AR) form. CMD is characterized by hyperostosis of craniofacial bones and flaring metaphyses of long bones. Many patients with CMD suffer from neurological symptoms.

Mfa1 Induces Chemokine and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Mouse Gingival Fibroblasts via Toll-Like Receptors.

Mfa1 fimbriae are thought to act as adhesion factors and to direct periodontal tissue destruction but their immunomodulatory actions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of Mfa1 stimulation on the immune and metabolic mechanisms of gingival fibroblasts from periodontal connective tissue. We also determined the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Mfa1 recognition.

Disruption of the Dimer-Dimer Interaction of the Mumps Virus Attachment Protein Head Domain, Aided by an Anion Located at the Interface, Compromises Membrane Fusion Triggering.

Mumps virus (MuV), an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the family , enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral envelope proteins, an attachment protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuV-HN) and a fusion (F) protein. However, how the binding of MuV-HN to glycan receptors triggers membrane fusion is not well understood. The crystal structure of the MuV-HN head domain forms a tetramer (dimer of dimers) like other paramyxovirus attachment proteins.

Effect of interleukin (IL)-35 on IL-17 expression and production by human CD4 T cells.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-17 produced by mainly T helper 17 (Th17) cells may play an important destructive role in chronic periodontitis (CP). Thus, anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-35, might have a beneficial effect in periodontitis by inhibiting differentiation of Th17 cells. Th17 differentiation is regulated by the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) (encoded by ) and RORt (encoded by ).

Adjunctive Application of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Review of Literature.

Periodontal disease is caused by dental plaque biofilms, and the removal of these biofilms from the root surface of teeth plays a central part in its treatment. The conventional treatment for periodontal disease fails to remove periodontal infection in a subset of cases, such as those with complicated root morphology. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an additional treatment for this infectious disease.

Effect of IL-15 and natural killer cells on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in a mouse coculture.

This study analyzes the effect of interleukin-15 (IL-15) on osteoclast formation using a coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells (BMCs) stimulated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which both have important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD). BMCs isolate lacking T (BM(T-)) or NK (BM(NK-)) cells, BMCs with no cells removed (BM(T+NK+)), purified NK cells, and purified T cells were each cocultured with osteoblasts in the presence or absence of PGE2 and/or IL-15. The number of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts was decreased by IL-15 in a dose-dependent manner in BM(T+NK+), BM(T-).

First Report of Guinea Grass Smut Caused by Conidiosporomyces ayresii in Japan.

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) is an important C-4 perennial plant that grows in southern Japan. In March 2010, a smut disease was found in grass that is cultivated in the Ishigaki Islands, Okinawa, in southernmost Japan.

First Report of Pestalotiopsis microspora Causing Leaf Spot of Hidcote (Hypericum patulum) in Japan.

Hidcote, Hypericum patulum Thunb. ex Murray, is a deciduous shrub that is cultivated as an ornamental in landscape gardens and courtyards in Japan. In early August 2008, severe leaf spotting was observed on plants growing in a courtyard in Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan.

First Report of Blast of Guinea Grass Caused by Pyricularia sp. LS-Group in Japan.

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) is an important C-4 perennial herbage in the southern part of Japan. In February 2002, a blast disease was found on the grass cultivated on the Okinawa Islands, the southern most region of Japan.

First Report of Alternaria panax Causing Leaf Spot of Aralia cordata in Japan.

Udo, Aralia cordata Thumb, Araliaceae, is a traditional Japanese perennial vegetable and used in Chinese herbal medicines. During the last 10 days of July 2008, before the period of flower, leaf spots were observed on udo growing under pine trees in Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan. Leaf spots affected more than 40% of the plants.

[Woman abuse: contributions and shortcomings of the information system].

The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the health information system in monitoring woman abuse by analyzing the extent to which each data source may contribute to actual event dimensioning and underlie the decision-making process. Therefore, the text presents advances and contributions of each officially existent database in the health sector, and also its persistent shortcomings due to the scarce sensitivity and specificity of these systems in monitoring woman abuse. The article also discusses the need for further studies in order to deepen the issue, as well as a gender-based information policy for analysis and intervention of the violence determinants against women, considering the significance and seriousness of the issue, not only for women but also for society as a whole.

First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Leaf Spot of Aquilegia vulgaris in Japan.

European columbine, Aquilegia vulgaris L., Ranunculaceae, is an herbaceous flower widely used in gardens, parterres, and courtyards and is a traditional herbal plant. During the summer of 2008, leaf spots were observed on a plant cultivated along a roadside area in Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan.

Phylogenetic relationship of Sclerotium rolfsii (teleomorph Athelia rolfsii) and S delphinii based on ITS sequences.

The phylogenetic relationships of the stem rot pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii and S. delphinii were examined, based on their rDNA ITS sequences. The ITS regions were cloned and sequenced to identify three distinct ITS types: r-1, r-2, and r-3.

Detection of a double-stranded RNA virus from a strain of the violet root rot fungus Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka.

Three double-stranded (ds) RNA species (ca. 1.30, 1.

Prenatal diagnosis of Lowe syndrome by OCRL1 messenger RNA analysis.

Prenatal screening of oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL; McKusick 309000) was performed using cultured amniocytes. Following identification of defective mRNA expression in the OCRL; gene of the proband's fibroblasts, the mRNA size and quantity of the cultured amniocytes were compared. Based on this analysis, the fetus was diagnosed as being normal and was subsequently delivered as a healthy boy.

Proliferative defect and embryonic lethality in mice homozygous for a deletion in the p110alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate is a phospholipid signaling molecule involved in many cellular functions including growth factor receptor signaling, cytoskeletal organization, chemotaxis, apoptosis, and protein trafficking. Phosphorylation at the 3 position of the inositol ring is catalyzed by many different 3-kinases (classified as types IA, IB, II, and III), but the physiological roles played by each of the different 3-kinase isozymes during embryonic development and in homeostasis in animals is incompletely understood. Mammalian type IA kinase isozymes are heterodimers that are active at 37 degrees C when the catalytic 110-kDa subunit interacts through an amino-terminal binding domain with a regulatory 85- or 55-kDa subunit.

[TNM classification--pediatric tumors].

The clinical and postsurgical TNM classifications (cTNM and pTNM) for neuroblastoma (NB), nephroblastoma (WT) and soft tissue sarcomas were presented in 1982 by the TNM Committee in UICC in collaboration with SIOP. The Japanese TNM Committee proposed new pTNM systems (J-pTNM) for NB and WT, and new cTNM and pTNM system for primary liver carcinoma in infants and children (HT). These pTNMs were based on the staging systems developed by the Malignant Tumor Committee of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons.

Unique presentation of heterotopic pancreatic tissue arising from small-bowel mesentery.

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the small-bowel mesentery is an extremely rare anomaly: no such case has been reported in the English literature. We report a 5-year-old boy in whom the aberrant tissue formed a retroperitoneal cyst. The condition was further complicated by a ventral pancreatic duct defect.

Prevention of visual field defect progression with brovincamine in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma.

Purpose: A prospective investigation of the effect of brovincamine fumarate, a Ca2+-channel blocker, on visual field changes in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: A total of 28, age- and field-matched, patients with NTG were allocated randomly to either brovincamine fumarate (20 mg 3 times daily) or placebo (3 times daily). The patients were followed at least every 4 months for a minimum of 2.