Larval anisakid infections in marine fish from three sea areas of the Republic of Korea.

The present study was performed to determine the infection status of anisakid larvae in marine fish collected from 3 sea areas of the Republic of Korea. Total 86 marine fish (8 species) collected from the East Sea (Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do), 171 fish (10 species) from the South Sea (Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do), and 92 fish (7 species) from the Yellow Sea (Incheon Metropolitan City) were examined by both naked eyes and artificial digestion method. Among the total of 349 fish examined, 213 (61.

Differential expression of BNIP family members of BH3-only proteins during the development and after axotomy in the rat.

The BNIPs (BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting proteins) are a subfamily of BCL2 family proteins typically containing a single BCL2 homology 3 (BH3) domain. BNIPs exert important roles in two major degradation processes in cells - apoptosis and autophagy. Although it is known that the function of BNIPs is transcriptionally regulated under hypoxic conditions in tumors, their regulation in the developing brain and neurons following the induction of apoptosis/autophagy is largely unknown.

The maintenance of specific aspects of neuronal function and behavior is dependent on programmed cell death of adult-generated neurons in the dentate gyrus.

A considerable number of new neurons are generated daily in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the adult hippocampus, but only a subset of these survive, as many adult-generated neurons undergo programmed cell death (PCD). However, the significance of PCD in the adult brain for the functionality of DG circuits is not known. Here, we examined the electrophysiological and behavioral characteristics of Bax-knockout (Bax-KO) mice in which PCD of post-mitotic neurons is prevented.

Impaired migration in the rostral migratory stream but spared olfactory function after the elimination of programmed cell death in Bax knock-out mice.

Rats and mice exhibit neurogenesis of olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons throughout adulthood. To homeostatically maintain stable neuron numbers, it is necessary to continuously remove a subset of OB neurons by programmed cell death (PCD). Here we demonstrate that Bax is critical for the elimination of OB neurons by showing that Bax-KO mice exhibit greatly reduced PCD in the OB.

Bax-dependent and -independent death of motoneurons after facial nerve injury in adult mice.

Nerve injury-induced neuronal death may occur after accidental trauma or nerve inflammation. Although the response to facial root avulsion has been examined in rodent models, there are conflicting results as to whether motoneuron (MN) death is mediated by apoptosis or necrosis. We examined the response of MNs and proximal nerves after facial nerve avulsion in adult mice.

Programmed cell death of adult-generated hippocampal neurons is mediated by the proapoptotic gene Bax.

In the dentate gyrus (DG) of the adult mouse hippocampus, a substantial number of new cells are generated daily, but only a subset of these survive and differentiate into mature neurons, whereas the majority undergo programmed cell death (PCD). However, neither the intracellular machinery required for adult stem cell-derived neuronal death nor the biological implications of the significant loss of these newly generated cells have been examined. Several markers for apoptosis failed to reveal cell death in Bax-deficient mice, and this, together with a progressive increase in neuron number in the DG of the Bax knock-out, indicates that Bax is critical for the PCD of adult-generated hippocampal neurons.