The microbial metabolite imidazole propionate dysregulates bone homeostasis by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.

Microbial metabolites provide numerous benefits to the human body but can also contribute to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and bone disorders. However, the role of imidazole propionate (ImP), a histidine-derived metabolite produced by the intestinal microbiome, in bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ImP and its underlying mechanisms in regulating bone homeostasis.

Effects of 625 nm light-emitting diode irradiation on preventing ER stress-induced apoptosis via GSK-3β phosphorylation in MC3T3-E1.

Prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to cell apoptosis and interferes with bone homeostasis. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) might be used for ER stress-induced diseases, the role of PBM in relieving cell apoptosis remains unknown. During ER stress, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is critical; however, its functions in PBM remain uncertain.

Esthetic reconstruction of a localized severely resorbed anterior maxilla associated with peri-implantitis: A clinical report.

This clinical report described the esthetic reconstruction of a localized severely resorbed right anterior maxilla associated with peri-implantitis. For vertical bone augmentation, guided bone regeneration surgery was performed by raising a flap with the remote incision technique, followed by soft tissue grafting and vestibuloplasty. The biologically oriented preparation technique was used to improve the health and stability of the peri-implant tissues.

Effects of Red LED Irradiation in Enhancing the Mineralization of Human Dental Pulp Cells In Vitro.

Dentin regeneration is the preferred method used to preserve dental pulp vitality after pulp exposure due to caries. Red light-emitting diode irradiation (LEDI), which is based on photobiomodulation (PBM), has been used to promote hard-tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism still needs elucidation.

625 nm Light Irradiation Prevented MC3T3-E1 Cells from Accumulation of Misfolded Proteins via ROS and ATP Production.

Osteoblasts must acquire a considerable capacity for folding unfolded and misfolded proteins (MPs) to produce large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and maintain bone homeostasis. MP accumulation contributes to cellular apoptosis and bone disorders. Photobiomodulation therapy has been used to treat bone diseases, but the effects of decreasing MPs with photobiomodulation remain unclear.

Pirfenidone Inhibits Alveolar Bone Loss in Ligature-Induced Periodontitis by Suppressing the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mice.

There has been increasing interest in adjunctive use of anti-inflammatory drugs to control periodontitis. This study was performed to examine the effects of pirfenidone (PFD) on alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice and identify the relevant mechanisms. Experimental periodontitis was established by ligating the unilateral maxillary second molar for 7 days in mice (n = 8 per group), and PFD was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection.

A Novel Fluorescent Dye Extracted from for Labeling Mitochondria after Fixation.

Mitochondria are versatile organelles and function by communicating with cellular ecosystems. The fluorescent colocalization analysis after fixation is a highly intuitive method to understand the role of mitochondria. However, there are few fluorescent dyes available for mitochondrial staining after fixation.

Activation and increased production of interleukin-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with periodontitis.

Aim: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are known to be resident in oral mucosal tissue, but their roles in periodontitis are unknown. This study aimed to examine the level and function of MAIT cells in periodontitis patients.

Materials And Methods: Frequency, activation, and function of MAIT cells from 28 periodontitis patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were measured by flow cytometry.

Sclerostin in periodontal ligament: Homeostatic regulator in biophysical force-induced tooth movement.

Aim: To study the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical-force-induced tooth movement (BFTM).

Materials And Methods: BFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analysed via micro-computed tomography.

Body mass index and self-rated oral health in Korean adults in 2017.

Objective: To investigate the association between obesity and self-rated oral health (SROH). This study examined the cross-sectional associations between body mass index (BMI) and SROH in Korean adults.

Materials And Methods: This study used data from 217 304 adults (100 110 men and 117 194 women aged > 19 years) from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey.

Isolation of High Purity Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Depleting Macrophages Using Liposomal Clodronate.

Background: The use of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) represents a promising strategy for performing preclinical studies in the field of cell-based regenerative medicine; however, mBMSCs obtained via conventional isolation methods have two drawbacks, i.e., (i) they are heterogeneous due to frequent macrophage contamination, and (ii) they require long-term culturing for expansion.

635 nm LED irradiation may prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is thought to be involved in various diseases such as cancer, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders, the relationship between ER stress and bone diseases, are remains unclear. Tunicamycin-treated MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were used as the ER stress model in this study. 635 nm light-emitting diode irradiation (635 nm-IR) was carried out for 1 h before and after inducing ER stress.

Photochemical reaction to increase melanogenesis using Buddleja officinalis and blue light-emitting diode irradiation in B16F10.

Recently, the incidence of vitiligo has increased because of stresses induced by external environment. Ultraviolet (UV) light therapy is the most commonly used method of treating the disease; however, UV light therapy requires a long treatment period, and prolonged exposure to UV radiation has side effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of natural products and LED irradiation (LED-IR) on the synthesis of melanin.

Autophagy upregulates inflammatory cytokines in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts.

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by multiple disease-associated bacterial species in periodontal tissues. Autophagy is known to modulate various inflammation-driven diseases and inflammatory responses, but the role of autophagy related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis is not fully established. We investigated whether autophagic flux regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gingiva of periodontitis patients and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the underlying mechanism.

SLPI in periodontal Ligament is not sleepy during biophysical force-induced tooth movement.

Aim: We aimed to identify a key molecule that maintains periodontal tissue homeostasis during biophysical force-induced tooth movement (BTM) by orchestrating alveolar bone (AB) remodelling.

Materials And Methods: Differential display-PCR was performed to identify key molecules for BTM in rats. To investigate the localization and expression of the identified molecules, immunofluorescence, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed in rats and human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, tooth loss, and the prevalence of severe periodontitis in Koreans aged 50 years and older.

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency may cause bone loss and increased inflammation, which are well-known symptoms of periodontal disease. This study investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are associated with periodontal disease status and tooth loss.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 5,405 individuals aged ≥50 years (2,253 males and 3,152 females) were obtained from the 2008-2010 Dong-gu study, a prospective cohort study of risk factors for chronic diseases.

Effect of a Er, Cr:YSGG laser and a Er:YAG laser treatment on oral biofilm-contaminated titanium.

Objective: Implant surface decontamination is a challenging procedure for therapy of peri-implant disease. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of decontamination on oral biofilm-contaminated titanium surfaces in Er:YAG laser, Er, Cr:YSGG laser, and plastic curette.

Methodology: For oral biofilms formation, six participants wore an acrylic splint with eight titanium discs in the maxillary arch for 72 hours.

Role of / and During Irradiation in a PMA-Induced Inflammatory Model.

Sphingosine kinase 1 () and heat shock protein 27 () are important for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects after red light irradiation in an inflammatory model. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether and work independently or are dependent on some other regulator after 625 nm light-emitting diode irradiation in the human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups with or without 625 nm photobiomodulation (PBM) in the inflammatory model.

The Protective Role of Feruloylserotonin in LPS-Induced HaCaT Cells.

Epidermal inflammation is caused by various bacterial infectious diseases that impair the skin health. Feruloylserotonin (FS) belongs to the hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin, which mainly exists in safflower seeds and has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Human epidermis mainly comprises keratinocytes whose inflammation causes skin problems.

Humoral immune responses to periodontal pathogens in the elderly.

Purpose: Elderly people are thought to be more susceptible to periodontal disease due to reduced immune function associated with aging. However, little information is available on the nature of immune responses against putative periodontal pathogens in geriatric patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum IgG antibody responses to six periodontal pathogens in geriatric subjects.

The correlation of carotid artery calcification on panoramic radiographs and determination of carotid artery atherosclerosis with ultrasonography.

Objectives: To investigate the association of carotid artery calcification (CAC) on panoramic radiographs and determine carotid artery atherosclerosis with ultrasonography.

Study Design: The study included 4050 subjects aged 50 years and older. Panoramic radiographs for the presence of CAC were interpreted.

The association between periodontal disease, tooth loss and bone mineral density in a Korean population.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether clinical attachment loss (CAL), a measure of the severity of periodontal disease or number of teeth present is associated with bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: The study population consisted of 5383 people aged 50 years and older who participated in the Dong-gu Study. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Digital panoramic radiographs are useful for diagnosis of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital panoramic radiographs could be used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis through evaluation of the radiographs based on the correlation with bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: One hundred and ninety-four post-menopausal women were selected from participants who had participated in the Dong-gu study. Panoramic radiographic indices measured are mental index (MI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and simple visual estimation (SVE).

Periodontal disease associated with blood glucose levels in urban Koreans aged 50 years and older: the Dong-gu study.

Objective: To investigate the association of periodontal disease and the number of teeth present with the risk of prediabetes and diabetes as well as with blood glucose and HbA1c levels in adult Koreans.

Background: The relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes has not been fully elucidated.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional data from 5535 participants aged ≥50 years were obtained from 2008 to 2010.