An analog-AI chip for energy-efficient speech recognition and transcription.

Models of artificial intelligence (AI) that have billions of parameters can achieve high accuracy across a range of tasks, but they exacerbate the poor energy efficiency of conventional general-purpose processors, such as graphics processing units or central processing units. Analog in-memory computing (analog-AI) can provide better energy efficiency by performing matrix-vector multiplications in parallel on 'memory tiles'. However, analog-AI has yet to demonstrate software-equivalent (SW) accuracy on models that require many such tiles and efficient communication of neural-network activations between the tiles.

Mechanism and Impact of Bipolar Current Voltage Asymmetry in Computational Phase-Change Memory.

Nanoscale resistive memory devices are being explored for neuromorphic and in-memory computing. However, non-ideal device characteristics of read noise and resistance drift pose significant challenges to the achievable computational precision. Here, it is shown that there is an additional non-ideality that can impact computational precision, namely the bias-polarity-dependent current flow.

[Hygienic assessment of living conditions and morbidity of the population in the port cities of the Sakhalin region].

The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive hygienic assessment of environmental conditions in the port cities of the Sakhalin region to identify priority risk factors affecting on population health and management decisions for the optimization of living conditions. As a result of the assessment of risk and damages for public health from the effects of air pollution on the dose-response, effects were found to excess of impact on the target organs by 10 times. The main ecotoxicant was determined to be manganese oxide, which is associated with a priority manganese content in soil samples ofport cities.

The role of mean platelet volume in patients with non-specific abdominal pain in an emergency department.

Introduction: Platelets play an important role in inflammation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) may be a useful parameter for inflammatory conditions, in differentiating between non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP) and conditions requiring surgery, or early diagnosis of abdominal pain as a serious problem for emergency services.

Aim: To investigate the role of MPV on NSAP admittance to the emergency department.

Evaluation of Optimum Dietary Threonine Requirement by Plasma Free Threonine and Ammonia Concentrations in Surgically Modified Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

This study was carried out to evaluate the dietary threonine requirement by measuring the plasma free threonine and ammonia concentrations in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after dorsal aorta cannulation. A total of 70 fish (average initial weight 506±8.2 g) were randomly distributed into each of the 14 net cages (5 fish/cage).

Delayed-onset of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Background: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in adults is uncommon. The purpose of this study was to report our own four cases (six hips) of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in adulthood and to review the cases reported in the literature. The authors attempted to investigate the various causative underlying disorders and clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome, and complications.

X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: Identification of a TRAPPC2 mutation in a Korean pedigree.

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) comprises a heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasias that primarily affect the epiphyses and vertebral bodies. Patients affected by SED usually exhibit short stature and experience early development of degenerative osteoarthritis. SED is subdivided into congenita and tarda forms according to the age at onset and clinical severity, and further subdivided into genetically different forms according to the mode of inheritance and the gene involved.

MRI of chondromyxoid fibroma.

Background: Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign primary bone tumor of cartilage. Despite a characteristic radiographic appearance, chondromyxoid fibroma with atypical radiographic findings may mimic more common tumors.

Purpose: To describe the MR findings of chondromyxoid fibroma.

Pinellia ternata, Citrus reticulata, and their combinational prescription inhibit eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness by suppressing CCR3+ and Th2 cytokines production in the ovalbumin-induced asthma model.

Background And Objective: This study was aimed to analyse the curative effects of Pinellia ternata, Citrus reticulata, and their combination on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine, pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, Th2 cytokine production, and IgE and histamine production in a murine model of asthma.

Methods: For this purpose, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges for 12 weeks. We examined the development of pulmonary eosinophilic accumulation, control of Th2 cytokine, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and histamine productions in a murine model of asthma.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum in a Turkish family.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia is composed of a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders and is classified as pure or complicated due to its clinical variability. Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with hypoplastic corpus callosum is a rare form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. In complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked modes of inheritance have been noted.

Operative treatment of developmental hip dysplasia in children aged over 8 years.

Nine patients aged over 8 years with developmental dislocation of the hip were treated by an open reduction, femoral shortening and varus derotation osteotomy with or without a Chiari osteotomy. The mean age of the patients was 11.1 years (range 8-17 years), and the mean follow-up period was 7.

Remodelling of the distal radius after epiphysiolysis and lengthening.

Arrest of growth of the distal radius is rare but will produce deformity of the wrist. We corrected angular deformity and shortening of the distal radius by epiphysiolysis and gradual lengthening without a corrective osteotomy.

Extraaxial neurofibromas versus neurilemmomas: discrimination with MRI.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether MRI can discriminate between extraaxial neurofibromas and neurilemmomas.

Materials And Methods: MR images of 52 patients with a pathologically proven extraaxial neurofibroma or neurilemmoma were retrospectively reviewed by observers who were unaware of the surgical results, regarding the presence or absence of individual imaging criteria. MRI findings in 12 patients with a localized neurofibroma and 40 patients with a neurilemmoma were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

Monitoring of genotoxic damage in smokeless tobacco ((Maraş powder) consumers using micronucleated exfoliated oral cells.

Maraş powder is a kind of smokeless tobacco used in the south-eastern region of Turkey. The present study was carried out to assess possible DNA damage in exfoliated oral cells of Maraş powder users by analysing the frequencies of micronuclei (MN), which is a simple and reliable biomarker for genotoxic damage and to screen for the detection of site-specific differences in the frequencies of MN. The mean (±SD) MN frequency in the inner lip mucosa site was 1.

Chondroblastoma: MR characteristics with pathologic correlation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the MR findings of chondroblastoma with pathologic correlation.

Method: In 22 patients with pathologically proven chondroblastoma, MR signal characteristics were correlated with pathological findings.

Results: On T2-weighted images, 12 (55%) lesions were hyperintense with hypointense areas in 9 lesions, whereas 10 (45%) were hypointense.

Nonossifying fibroma: characteristics at MR imaging with pathologic correlation.

Purpose: To correlate the findings of nonossifying fibroma at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with those at pathologic examination.

Materials And Methods: In 19 patients (age range, 8-25 years; mean age, 14 years) with pathologically proved nonossifying fibroma, MR images were analyzed for signal intensity and patterns of contrast enhancement. Findings at MR imaging and biopsy were correlated.

Recurrent parosteal osteosarcoma of the talus in a 2-year-old child.

Parosteal osteosarcoma is an uncommon, low-grade malignant bone tumor and is found in an older age group than conventional osteosarcoma. We present a talar parosteal osteosarcoma that recurred twice in a 2-year-old child. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient reported with a parosteal osteosarcoma.

Tuberculosis of the ischiopubic ramus. A report of five cases.

Five cases of tuberculosis of the ischiopubic ramus are reported. All presented with abscesses. Treatment by simple curettage and INH, rifampicin and ethambutol given for 18 to 24 months gave satisfactory results in the 4 patients who were children.

The response of nerve tissue to chymopapain.

This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of topically injected chymopapain on the spinal cord and peripheral nerves in rabbits, and also the effect of ganglioside on sciatic nerves which had been damaged by chymopapain. There were no abnormal macroscopic or microscopic findings when chymopapain was injected around the sciatic nerve sheath or around the spinal dura mater, but when it was injected directly into the nerve sheath there was immediate paralysis and severe axonal necrosis; the Schwann sheath remained intact and there was haemorrhage. Injection into the dura resulted in massive haemorrhage, perivascular neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of grey matter.

Exogastric cystic gastric leiomyoblastoma with unusual CT appearance.

Gastric leiomyoblastomas are rare tumors between leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas in terms of their malignant potential. This article describes 2 cases of exogastric cystic gastric leiomyoblastoma with unusual location and computed tomographic (CT) appearance. The CT findings of these cases were unlike those of usual smooth muscle tumors, but closely simulated cystadenomatous tumor of the ovary or pancreas.

The effect of posterior spinal fixation with acrylic cement on the vertebral growth plate and intervertebral disc in dogs.

We have attempted to clarify the serial histological changes in the growing spine of dogs following posterior fixation with acrylic cement. Twenty-four male mongrel dogs aged 8 weeks were used for the study. The lumbar spine from L.

The effect of synovectomy on the articular cartilage of the knee joint in rabbits.

Subtotal synovectomy was performed on the right knee joints of 20 immature and 20 mature rabbits, and articular cartilage from the femoral and tibial condyles and the patellae was examined at 1, 3, 5 and 12 weeks after operation. Specimens from the unoperated left knees provided the controls. Each specimen was examined macroscopically and with histological (H-E stain) and histochemical (safranin-O stain) techniques for abnormalities in structure, cell population, stain intensity and distribution.