Publications by authors named "Ojuawo O"

Purpose: Oxygen may cause serious consequences when administered wrongly. This study aimed to assess doctors' and nurses' knowledge of acute oxygen therapy and perceived delivery barriers.

Participants And Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study among 202 healthcare providers (134 doctors and 68 nurses) in a Nigerian hospital.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The disseminated form of the disease has a worse prognosis and is commonly associated with primary and acquired immunodeficiency states such as HIV/AIDS, post-organ transplant and malnutrition. However, disseminated TB in the context of isolated impaired cellular responses to interleukin (IL)-23 due to tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) deficiency has been rarely reported.

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Background: Respiratory diseases constitute a significant cause of morbidity globally. There is limited information on the epidemiology of respiratory diseases in North Central Nigeria particularly with the changing trend in risk factors.

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the pattern and morbidity related to respiratory diseases among adult outpatients attending a chest clinic in a tertiary healthcare facility, especially with increasing environmental pollution and biomass exposure globally.

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Background: Childhood pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death in children with highest mortality figures in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. The primary etiologies are bacterial and viral; however, challenges in distinguishing bacterial and non-bacterial causes have culminated in antimicrobial overuse which has partly contributed to the rise in antimicrobial resistance, most notably among children in low- and middle-income countries.

Areas Covered: Existing literature was reviewed regarding modalities available, including emerging radiological and laboratory techniques, to diagnose childhood pneumonia.

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Background: The prompt and accurate aetiological diagnosis of childhood pneumonia remains a challenge, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) because of limited resources for disease management.

Objective: To review existing diagnostics for childhood pneumonia and potential modalities available to differentiate between bacterial and viral aetiologies in SSA.

Methods: Online databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 regarding childhood pneumonia diagnosis, conducted in SSA in children less than 18 years of age.

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Purpose: The burdens of chronic cough are mostly reported from Western and Asian countries. We aimed to determine the etiology and clinical patterns of chronic cough (CC) in the chest clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Patients And Methods: This survey was a cross-sectional study of 218 patients.

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Background: Several studies in developed countries have investigated the relationship between migraine and asthma.

Objective: To examine the relationship between asthma and migraine among university students in a low middle-income country.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study across three universities in the middle belt region of Nigeria.

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Purpose: Urbanization is associated with the risk of developing allergic conditions. Few studies have evaluated the urban-rural disparity of allergic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: To compare the epidemiology of adult asthma and allergies in urban and rural Nigeria.

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The symptoms and complications of intestinal parasitosis can occur with long-term corticosteroid therapy. We highlight the case of a young man who developed chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting while on treatment for multisystemic sarcoidosis with corticosteroids. His symptoms were initially thought to be related to the gastrointestinal manifestations of sarcoidosis, but further evaluation revealed a combined case of intestinal strongyloidiasis and giardiasis as well as previously undiagnosed human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV -1) infection.

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Background: The optimal management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) depends on the clinical and microbiological profile in the locality.

Objectives: To determine the clinical and microbiological profile of patients admitted with CAP in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methods: One hundred and two consenting consecutively selected patients with clinical and radiologic confirmation of CAP were recruited in 12 months.

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Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a potential life-threatening pulmonary infection which commonly manifests in immunosuppressed patients especially with HIV, with underlying malignancies, severe malnutrition as well as those on immunosuppressive treatments. There have been case reports of symptomatic PCP in individuals with a normally functioning immune system with typical clinical features and radiologic findings of bilateral and diffuse interstitial opacities. However, PCP in immunocompetent individuals presenting with lung nodules had been rarely reported.

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Background: Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased in some low and medium-resourced countries.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological pattern and management of lung cancer seen in our setting.

Methods: We reviewed cases of pulmonary neoplasm diagnosed and managed at the University of Ilorin teaching hospital over eight years.

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Introduction: Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) screening is recommended for individuals with a known risk factor for progression to active disease especially in the setting of HIV infection. This will ensure early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The purpose of our study was to compare tuberculin skin test (TST) with Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) in the diagnosis of LTBI among patients with known HIV infection at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin.

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Background: Severe malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and concomitant bacteraemia may potentially worsen clinical outcomes. (Duration of admission, Mortality, Fever clearance time and Coma recovery time).

Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the proportion of children with severe malaria who had concomitant bacteraemia, the pathogens implicated and their drug sensitivity pattern, predictors of bacterial co-infection and its effect on treatment outcome.

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Background: A lot of attention has generally been given to the microbiology and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with relatively limited consideration on its impact on the physical, psychological and social domains of the individual especially after successful drug treatment.

Aim And Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and related factors among individuals who had successfully completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Ilorin.

Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study at the pulmonary outpatient clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and Kwara State Specialist Hospital, Sobi, Ilorin.

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Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite microbiological cure for the disease, many patients still demonstrate residual respiratory symptoms and spirometric abnormalities.

Aim And Objectives: The study aimed at identifying the prevalence, pattern and factors associated with spirometric abnormalities in patients successfully treated for PTB in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study at the pulmonary outpatient clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and Kwara State Specialist Hospital, Sobi, Ilorin.

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Heiner syndrome (HS) is a rare hypersensitivity reaction of an infant or young child to cow milk proteins. It is a disease characterised by failure to thrive, respiratory symptoms like cough, dyspnoea, wheeze and rhinitis with accompanying chest infiltrates on chest radiograph; gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea; and anaemia. The non-specific nature of the disease can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment and central to the condition is hypersensitivity to cow milk proteins.

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Background: Oxygen is like any other medication that can cause severe consequences if administered inappropriately.

Objective: To audit the pattern of acute oxygen therapy on regular hospital wards of a referral centre in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methods: We reviewed 150 patients that received or had a prescription for acute oxygen therapy in three months and extracted relevant information using a proforma.

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Background: Understanding the impact of asthma is the key to optimal care.

Objective: To determine the physical, economic, and social impact of asthma from the perspectives of individual patients in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a multicenter study of 172 adult asthma patients attending tertiary hospitals.

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Information about the burden of asthma during pregnancy in Africa is scarce. To determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in pregnancy in Ilorin, Nigeria. This study uses the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire and definitions to screen 870 pregnant women attending three hospitals for asthma.

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Background: The most recognized risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide is cigarette smoking. However, recent surveys have revealed an increasing trend from nonsmoking causes especially from biomass exposure. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the proportion of patients and the clinical pattern of COPD among never-smokers in Ilorin.

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Background: Prescription and administration of oxygen in emergencies by healthcare providers are reported to be inappropriate in most settings. There is a huge gap in the knowledge of health care providers on various aspects of oxygen therapy, and this may be a barrier to optimal oxygen administration. Hence, it is essential to ascertain providers' knowledge of acute oxygen therapy so that appropriate educational interventions are instituted for better delivery.

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Löfgren's syndrome (LS) is a variant of sarcoidosis characterised by the triad of erythema nodosum (EN), radiographic bilateral hilar adenopathy, and arthralgia/arthritis. Like all cases of sarcoidosis, it is of unknown aetiology and may constitute a diagnostic difficulty in the ambiguous phenotype. Löfgren's syndrome is associated with a good prognosis and commonly undergoes spontaneous remission within four months.

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Setting: Ilorin metropolis in the middle-belt region of Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine the awareness about warning signs and risk factors for lung cancer and the anticipated delay before seeking medical care in the middle-belt population of Nigeria.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study performed among 1125 adults.

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