Optimizing the Synthesis of Titanium Carbide-Bismuth Oxide for Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties.

Background The two-dimensional MXene, known as titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂), is characterized by its substantial interlayer spacing, extensive surface area, hydrophilic nature, exceptional thermal stability, and outstanding electrical conductivity. These distinctive attributes render Ti₃C₂ an ideal candidate for detecting target analytes and immobilizing biomolecules. Bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃), an essential compound of bismuth, frequently acts as a foundational element in bismuth chemistry.