Immunofluorescence analysis of human eosinophils.

A prominent inflammatory cell type in allergic diseases is the eosinophil, a granulated white blood cell that releases pro-inflammatory cytokines. Eosinophil-derived cytokines, including interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), can skew the immune response towards an allergic phenotype. Unfortunately, it is challenging to immunolabel and collect quantifiable images of eosinophils given their innate autofluorescence and ability to nonspecifically bind to antibodies.

Outcomes of Second-Line Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Switch Therapy in Radiation Retinopathy Secondary to Uveal Melanoma: Moving from Bevacizumab to Aflibercept.

Introduction: Radiation retinopathy is a dose-dependent complication of the retina following exposure to ionizing radiation. The objective of this prospective case series is to determine the clinical efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept for radiation retinopathy secondary to radiotherapy for uveal melanoma in those that failed intravitreal bevacizumab treatment.

Methods: A case series of 30 patients with a mean age of 57 ± 15 years with radiation retinopathy were enrolled.

Resolution of Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treated with Acetazolamide.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of elevated intracranial pressure commonly seen in obese women of childbearing age. Fulminant IIH is a rare subset of IIH that is characterized by rapidly progressive vision loss in less than 4 weeks, and typically requires surgical intervention for treatment. We describe a 36-year-old man with a 3-week history of acute onset vision loss and fulminant IIH in whom severe bilateral hemorrhagic optic disk edema was identified.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in ophthalmology: A review.

Since the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in 1956 by John McCarthy, the field has propelled medicine, optimized efficiency, and led to technological breakthroughs in clinical care. As an important frontier in healthcare, AI has implications on every subspecialty within medicine. This review highlights the applications of AI in ophthalmology: a specialty that lends itself well to the integration of computer algorithms due to the high volume of digital imaging, data, and objective metrics such as central retinal thickness.

Progressive Neurochemical Abnormalities in Cognitive and Motor Subgroups of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Objective: To evaluate progressive cerebral degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by assessing alterations in -acetylaspartate (NAA) ratios in the motor and prefrontal cortex within clinical subgroups of ALS.

Methods: Seventy-six patients with ALS and 59 healthy controls were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study in the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium. Participants underwent serial clinical evaluations and magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and 4 and 8 months using a harmonized protocol across 5 centers.

Cytokine trafficking of IL-9 and IL-13 through TfnRc vesicles in activated human eosinophils.

Eosinophils are granulocytes that are elevated in lung mucosa in approximately half of patients with allergic asthma. These highly granulated cells can synthesize and secrete many cytokines, including IL-9 and IL-13. We hypothesized that IL-9 and IL-13 are found as preformed mediators in crystalloid granules and secreted using distinct trafficking pathways.

Cerebral degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A prospective multicenter magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Background: We investigated cerebral degeneration and neurochemistry in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Methods: We prospectively studied 65 patients and 43 age-matched healthy controls. Participants were recruited from 4 centers as part of a study in the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium.