Active colorimetric lipid-coated polyaniline nanoparticles for redox state sensing in cancer cells.

Herein, lipid-coated polyaniline (LiPAni) nanoparticles were fabricated to monitor the redox state of cancer cells. To confirm the characteristics of LiPAni, we firstly analyzed the size and chemical structures of the LiPAni nanoparticles. The absorbance properties of the LiPAni nanoparticles were observed to vary with the pH conditions.

A Prosthetic Socket with Active Volume Compensation for Amputated Lower Limb.

Typically, the actual volume of the residual limb changes over time. This causes the prosthesis to not fit, and then pain and skin disease. In this study, a prosthetic socket was developed to compensate for the volume change of the residual limb.

Integrated, Automated, Fast PCR System for Point-Of-Care Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Infection.

We developed an integrated PCR system that performs automated sample preparation and fast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for application in point-of care (POC) testing. This system is assembled from inexpensive 3D-printing parts, off-the-shelf electronics and motors. Molecular detection requires a series of procedures including sample preparation, amplification, and fluorescence intensity analysis.

Polyaniline Nanoskein: Synthetic Method, Characterization, and Redox Sensing.

Polyaniline nanoskein (PANS), which have polyaniline nanofibers, was developed. PANS was formulated via sequential extracting, heating, and swelling processes. The compositions of PANS have been analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and the results of which indicate that PANS is composed of solely organic materials.

Active Body Pressure Relief System with Time-of-Flight Optical Pressure Sensors for Pressure Ulcer Prevention.

A body pressure relief system was newly developed with optical pressure sensors for pressure ulcer prevention. Unlike a conventional alternating pressure air mattress (APAM), this system automatically regulates air flow into a body supporting mattress with adaptive inflation (or deflation) duration in response to the pressure level in order to reduce skin stress due to prolonged high pressures. The system continuously quantifies the body pressure distribution using time-of-flight (ToF) optical sensors.

A Sensitive Potentiometric Sensor for Isothermal Amplification-Coupled Detection of Nucleic Acids.

A disposable potentiometric sensor was newly developed for the amplification-coupled detection of nucleic acids. The hydrogen-ion is generally released during isothermal amplification of nucleic acids. The surface potential on the oxide-functionalized electrode of the extended gate was directly measured using full electrical circuits with the commercial metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and ring oscillator components, which resulted in cost-effective, portable and scalable real-time nucleic acid analysis.

Selective isolation of magnetic nanoparticle-mediated heterogeneity subpopulation of circulating tumor cells using magnetic gradient based microfluidic system.

Relocation mechanisms of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the primary site to the secondary site through the blood vessel network cause tumor metastasis. Despite of the importance to diagnose the cancer metastasis by CTCs, still it is formidable challenge to use in the clinical purpose because of the rarity and the heterogeneity of CTCs in the cancer patient's peripheral blood sample. In this study we have developed magnetic force gradient based microfluidic chip (Mag-Gradient Chip) for isolating the total number of CTCs in the sample and characterizing the state of CTCs simultaneously with respect to the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression level.

Changes in longitudinal craniofacial growth in subjects with normal occlusions using the Ricketts analysis.

Objective: This study was designed to define the Korean norm values for the Ricketts analysis.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, lateral cephalograms of 31 subjects with normal occlusion were taken biennially from ages 9-19 years. Cephalometric measurements were performed.

Dynamic simulation of the self-tapping insertion process of orthodontic microimplants into cortical bone with a 3-dimensional finite element method.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress state in the cortical bone around an orthodontic microimplant during and after the insertion surgery.

Methods: The self-tapping insertion of an orthodontic microimplant into 1-mm-thick cortical bone containing a predrilled hole was simulated by using a 3-dimensional finite element method. The entire insertion surgery was replicated by a total of 3601 calculation steps: ie, the first 3600 dynamic steps analyzing the insertion process and an additional static step for analyzing the residual stress state after insertion.

Differential translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB in a cardiac muscle cell line under gravitational changes.

Microgravity (micro-g) environments have been shown to elicit dysregulation of specific genes in a wide assay of cell types. It is known that the activation of transcription factors and molecular signaling pathways influence various physiological outcomes associated with stress and adaptive responses. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is one of the most prevailing oxidation-sensitive transcription factors.

Effect of blood viscosity on oxygen transport in residual stenosed artery following angioplasty.

The effect of blood viscosity on oxygen transport in a stenosed coronary artery during the postangioplasty scenario is studied. In addition to incorporating varying blood viscosity using different hematocrit (Hct) concentrations, oxygen consumption by the avascular wall and its supply from vasa vasorum, nonlinear oxygen binding capacity of the hemoglobin, and basal to hyperemic flow rate changes are included in the calculation of oxygen transport in both the lumen and the avascular wall. The results of this study show that oxygen transport in the postangioplasty residual stenosed artery is affected by non-Newtonian shear-thinning property of the blood viscosity having variable Hct concentration.

Coupled oxygen transport analysis in the avascular wall of a coronary artery stenosis during angioplasty.

The coupled oxygen transport in the avascular wall of a coronary artery stenosis is studied numerically by solving the convection-diffusion equations. Two geometries replicating stenosis before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are used for the analysis. The results are compared to evaluate the effect of the degree of stenosis on oxygen transport.

Oxygen transport and consumption by suspended cells in microgravity: a multiphase analysis.

A rotating bioreactor for the cell/tissue culture should be operated to obtain sufficient nutrient transfer and avoid damage to the culture materials. Thus, the objective of the present study is to determine the appropriate suspension conditions for the bead/cell distribution and evaluate oxygen transport in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor. A numerical analysis of the RWV bioreactor is conducted by incorporating the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase and oxygen transport equations.

Acid resistance of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser-treated and phosphoric acid-etched enamels.

Objective: To compare the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser ablation and of phosphoric acid etching on the in vitro acid resistance of bovine enamel.

Materials And Methods: Teeth were polished to make the surface flat. The polished enamel was either etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds or ablated with a single 33 J/cm2 pulse from an Er:YAG laser.

Nonextraction treatment of an open bite with microscrew implant anchorage.

A 16-year-old girl with an anterior open bite was treated with nonextraction therapy that included intrusion of the maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth with microscrew implants. Implants (diameter, 1.2 mm; length, 8 or 6 mm) were placed into alveolar bone near the posterior teeth and used as anchorage for intrusive force.

Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage.

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to examine the success rates and find factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage.

Methods: Eighty-seven consecutive patients (35 male, 52 female; mean age, 15.5 years) with a total of 227 screw implants of 4 types were examined.

Effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser in etching the enamel surface for orthodontic bracket retention.

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser in etching the enamel surface for orthodontic treatment. Bovine incisors were either acid-etched or laser-treated. An orthodontic bracket was attached on each treated surface using one-step dentin adhesive and self-curing resin.

Effect of simulated microgravity on oxidation-sensitive gene expression in PC12 cells.

Oxygen utilization by and oxygen dependence of cellular processes may be different in biological systems that are exposed to microgravity (micro-g). A baseline in which cellular changes in oxygen sensitive molecular processes occur during micro-g conditions would be important to pursue this question. The objective of this research is to analyze oxidation-sensitive gene expression in a model cell line [rat pheochromocytoma (PC12)] under simulated micro-g conditions.

Microscrew implant anchorage sliding mechanics.

Aim: To show the effectiveness of sliding mechanics used with microscrew implants in managing a dentoalveolar protrusion. There are several advantages, including reduced treatment time, simplified treatment mechanics, early profile changes, and elimination of interarch mechanics.

Material And Methods: A step-by-step procedure for microscrew implant anchorage sliding mechanics is shown, with records of treated patients, which demonstrate the aforementioned advantages of this technique.

Group distal movement of teeth using microscrew implant anchorage.

The purpose of this study was to quantify the treatment effects of distalization of the maxillary and mandibular molars using microscrew implants. The success rate and clinical considerations in the use of the microscrew implants were also evaluated. Thirteen patients who had undergone distalization of the posterior teeth using forces applied against microscrew implants were selected.

Treatment of open bite with microscrew implant anchorage.

Open bite treatment with microscrew implant anchorage is discussed in relation to vertical control of the posterior dentoalvelar dimension. Maxillary microscrew implants provided anchorage for intruding the posterior teeth and retracting the anterior teeth; mandibular microscrew implants were used to apply intrusion force distal to the mandibular first molars to prevent mesial tipping of the posterior teeth during space closure. Closing the mandibular plane after intruding the maxillary posterior teeth and bodily mesial movement of the mandibular posterior teeth contributed to facial profile improvement.

Nd:YAG laser ablation and acid resistance of enamel.

The acid resistance of Nd:YAG laser-ablated enamel surfaces was studied by evaluating crystal structure, mineral distribution, and fluorescence radiance and image in the present study. For comparison, 37% phosphoric acid etching was performed. The formation of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) was confirmed in the laser-ablated surface.

Nd:YAG laser ablation of enamel for orthodontic use: tensile bond strength and surface modification.

To test the feasibility of Nd:YAG laser ablation for orthodontic use, bovine enamels were ablated at 2.5 and 3.5 W/pulse conditions.