Neuroprotective effects of activated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 via the suppression of p53 accumulation against poly-PR-mediated toxicity.

A GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) within the C9orf72 gene is a major causative factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This aberrant HRE results in the generation of five distinct dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). Among the DPRs, poly-PR accumulates in the nucleus and exhibits particularly strong toxicity to motor and cortical neurons.

Successful Treatment of Unresectable L63*-Mutated Basal Cell Carcinoma Invading the Parietal Bone with Cisplatin and Fluorouracil: A Case Report.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer that rarely metastasizes but can deeply infiltrate local tissues. The small number of unresectable BCC cases makes it difficult to conduct clinical trials, resulting in delays in the development of effective drugs for BCC. Cancer gene panel testing has led to an increasing number of new treatment proposals for patients with solid tumors for whom no standard treatment is available.

MicroRNA-5572 Is Associated with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses in Low Zinc Treated and SOD1 G85R-Transfected HEK293 Cells.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fetal neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of sporadic ALS onset remains unclarified in detail. Disruption of zinc homeostasis could be related to sporadic ALS.

Epigenetic alternations in the SYP and DLG4 genes due to low-level methylmercury exposure during neuronal differentiation in vitro.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental toxin known to damage the central nervous system. When pregnant women ingest seafood, which may contain accumulated MeHg, fetal development may be affected. The embryonic period, a time of major epigenetic change, is susceptible to epigenetic disruptions due to chemical exposure.

An optimized approach for increasing lesion size in temperature-controled setting using a catheter with a surface thermocouple and efficient irrigation.

Background: We explore an optimized approach for increasing lesion size using a novel ablation catheter with a surface thermocouple and efficient irrigation in a temperature-control setting.

Methods: We conducted radiofrequency applications at various power levels (35 W, 40 W, and 45 W), contact forces (CFs, 10 g/20 g), and durations (60 s/120 s/180 s) in perpendicular/parallel catheter orientations, with normal saline irrigation (NS-irrigation) and Half NS-irrigation (HNS-irrigation) in an ex-vivo model (Step 1). In addition, we performed applications (35 W/40 W/45 W for 60 s/120 s/180 s in NS-irrigation and 35 W/40 W for 60 s/120 s/180 s in HNS-irrigation) in four swine (Step 2), evaluating lesion characteristics and the occurrence of steam pops.

Radiation-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma showing a significant response to pembrolizumab: A case report.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) arising from radiation dermatitis has a higher risk of metastasis than conventional cSCC. Immunosuppression is another risk factor for cSCC, suggesting that mycosis fungoides (MF) could be a risk factor for cSCC. Here we report a case of radiation-induced cSCC with a high level of tumor-mutation burden that developed in a patient with MF who was successfully treated with pembrolizumab.

Zinc Deficiency Decreases Neurite Extension via CRMP2 Signal Pathway.

Previous reports indicated that zinc deficiency could increase the risk of infectious diseases and developmental retardation in children. In experimental study, it has been reported that zinc deficiency during the embryonic period inhibited fetal growth, and disturbed neural differentiation and higher brain function later in adulthood. Although it has been suggested that zinc deficiency during development can have significant effects on neuronal differentiation and maturation, the molecular mechanisms of the effects of low zinc on neuronal differentiation during development have not been elucidated in detail.

Possible effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 on promoting angiogenesis through matrix metalloproteinase 9 in advanced mycosis fungoides.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) progresses slowly before advancing to skin tumors followed by lymph node and visceral involvement. Among MF progression, stage IIB is an initial time point of tumor formation in MF. Since MF in tumor stage possess abundant blood vessels, it is important to evaluate the pro-angiogenic factors before and after MF in stage IIB.

Effects of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist against α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity.

The α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is a potential target for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapeutics. α-Synuclein (α-Syn), a principal component of Lewy bodies (cytoplasmic inclusions), is a major contributor to PD pathophysiology. Previous studies have demonstrated that activating α7 nAChR protects against nigrostriatal dopamine degeneration in acute and chronic PD animal models induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and rotenone, respectively.

Recurrent, Tumor Mutation Burden-High, Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the Scalp Treated with Pembrolizumab.

Introduction: Chemoradiotherapy with taxanes is well-recognized as a first-line therapy for cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS), but second-line therapy for CAS is still controversial.

Case Presentation: In this report, we described a 75-year-old Japanese case of recurrent, tumor mutation burden-high CAS on the scalp treated with pembrolizumab. Our present case survived for 1 year despite of taxane refractory CAS with mediastinal lymph node metastasis, though the administration of anti-PD-1 Abs alone could not fully suppress the tumor progression of CAS.

Vacuolar Protein-Sorting Proteins Are Reduced Even Before Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Currently, interventions from the preclinical stage are considered necessary for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported that vacuolar protein-sorting protein (VPS), a retromer construct, is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of AD and Parkinson's disease. This study evaluated VPS26, VPS29, and VPS35 before and after the onset of cognitive decline in an App knock-in mouse model of AD that more closely resembles the human pathology than previous AD models.

Phosphate uptake restriction, phosphate export, and polyphosphate synthesis contribute synergistically to cellular proliferation and survival.

Phosphate (Pi) is a macronutrient, and Pi homeostasis is essential for life. Pi homeostasis has been intensively studied; however, many questions remain, even at the cellular level. Using Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we sought to better understand cellular Pi homeostasis and showed that three Pi regulators with SPX domains, Xpr1/Spx2, Pqr1, and the VTC complex synergistically contribute to Pi homeostasis to support cell proliferation and survival.

A Case of Atraumatic Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Requiring Emergency Surgery.

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS) is an urgent condition in which symptoms progress rapidly on an hourly basis, and emergency surgery may be required to treat it. ACTS often occurs after a traumatic event such as a fracture of the distal radius, and rarely occurs non-traumatically. We present a case of a 60-year-old male with ACTS secondary to acute synovitis due to rheumatoid arthritis.

The neuroprotective effects of FG-4592, a hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, against oxidative stress induced by alpha-synuclein in N2a cells.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The pathological hallmark of PD is the appearance of intraneuronal cytoplasmic α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, called Lewy bodies. α-Syn aggregation is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of PD.

Monte Carlo simulations of organ and effective doses and dose-length product for dental cone-beam CT.

Objectives: The use of dental cone-beam CT (CBCT) has increased in recent years. We aimed to calculate the organ and effective doses in dental CBCT using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and to correlate the effective dose with the dose-length product (DLP), which is a radiation dose index.

Methods: Organ and effective doses were calculated by MCS using the adult male and female reference phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 110 in a half-rotation scan of the CBCT scanner Veraviewepocs 3Df.

Adverse events associated with postoperative outcomes of adjuvant anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in both acral and non-acral cutaneous melanomas: A multicenter, observational, post hoc analysis study.

Since anti-PD-1 Abs can cause irreversible immune-related adverse events (irAEs), the associations between their efficacies and the incidence of irAEs are important to evaluate the use of anti-PD-1Abs for the treatment of melanoma, especially in the adjuvant setting. The purpose of this post hoc analysis study was to retrospectively analyze the associations between recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 12 months and the onset of any irAEs in 31 non-acral cutaneous and 30 acral melanoma cases treated with anti-PD-1 Abs therapy at the adjuvant setting in Asians. There were 20 cases with greater than grade 1 AEs in both the acral and non-acral cutaneous groups.

CD25 expression could be a prognostic marker of bexarotene monotherapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

Bexarotene is often administered to phototherapy-resistant early cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients as one of the first-line therapies in real-world practice. Since bexarotene reduces the expression of CCR4 in CTCL cells and CCL22 to decrease serum CCL22 levels, bexarotene inhibits the migration of CTCL cells, as well as other CCR4+ cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells, in the lesional skin of CTCL. In this report, the efficacy of bexarotene in 28 cases of CTCL, as well as its correlations with immunohistochemical profiles of tumour-infiltrating leucocytes (TILs), was retrospectively investigated.

LL-37 Might Promote Local Invasion of Melanoma by Activating Melanoma Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

LL-37 can stimulate various skin-resident cells to contribute to tumor development. Since tumor (T) stage is determined by the vertical invasion of tumor cells in melanoma, we hypothesized that the LL-37 expression level is correlated with the T stage in melanoma patients. Immunohistochemical staining of LL-37 was performed in each stage of melanoma (Tis-T4), suggesting the ratio of LL-37-expressing cells correlate positively to T stage severity.

DNA‑PKcs phosphorylation specific inhibitor, NU7441, enhances the radiosensitivity of clinically relevant radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Radioresistant cancer cells lead to poor prognosis after radiotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the DNA damage response of clinically relevant radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC2-R cells, established by long-term exposure of parental HSC2 cells to fractionated radiation, was investigated.

Risk Factors for Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in Adolescent Athletes: A Comparison of Overhead Sports and Non-overhead Sports.

Background A glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) occurs in baseball players due to the repetitive pitching motion. However, few reports have addressed associations between GIRD and sports other than baseball. In this study, we investigated whether GIRD occurs in adolescent athletes playing overhead sports other than baseball, and also, the risk factors that cause GIRD in these sports were examined.