Effect of a Mixed Fermented Loquat Leaf Tea By-Product on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Tsushima-Jidori Crossbred Chicken.

In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation with a mixed fermented loquat leaf tea residue (MFL) were evaluated on muscle α-tocopherol concentration and drip loss of Tsushima-Jidori crossbred chicken. MFL contained significantly less β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and total catechin than that of residues of green tea leaf infusion, although total polyphenol was significantly higher and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity tended to be higher, indicating increased antioxidant properties. A total of 120 male Tsushima-Jidori crossbred chickens were divided into two groups at 62 days of age.

Phenotypic characteristics of adipocyte-like cells generated from C2C12 myoblasts cultured with chicken serum.

The aim of this study was to clarify the transcriptional and metabolic characteristics of C2C12 myoblasts cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 20 % chicken serum (CHS) (C2C12-CHS cells) compared with C2C12 myoblasts cultured in DMEM containing 20 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) (C2C12-FBS cells). After 3 days of culture, C2C12-CHS cells showed a marked accumulation of lipid droplets, accompanied by increased expression levels of brown adipocyte-related genes (i.e.

Effects of Cyclic High Ambient Temperature on Muscle Imidazole Dipeptide Content in Broiler Chickens.

Imidazole dipeptides possess important bioregulatory properties in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high ambient temperature on muscle imidazole dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, and balenine) in broiler chickens. Sixteen 14-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into two groups, which were reared under thermoneutral (25 ± 1 °C) or cyclic high ambient temperature (35 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) for 4 weeks.

Effects of pre-slaughter fasting on antemortem skeletal muscle protein degradation levels and postmortem muscle free amino acid concentrations in broiler chickens.

This study investigated the effects of pre-slaughter fasting time on the relationship between skeletal muscle protein degradation levels at slaughter and chicken meat quality after 48 h of postmortem aging. Twenty-four broiler chicks at 0 d of age were used in this study until 28 d of age. At 27 d of age, the chickens were assigned to 4 treatment groups: 0 h of fasting (0H), 8 h of fasting (8H), 16 h of fasting (16H), or 24 h of fasting (24H).

Effects of Delaying Post-hatch Feeding on the Plasma Metabolites of Broiler Chickens Revealed by Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics.

Exogenous nutrients are essential for body and skeletal muscle growth in newly hatched chicks, and delaying post-hatch feeding negatively affects body growth, meat yield, and meat quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of delayed post-hatch feeding on the metabolic profiles of broiler chickens using a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Newly hatched chicks had either immediate free access to feed (freely fed chicks) or no access to feed from 0 to 2 days of age (delayed-fed chicks); both groups were subsequently provided feed until 13 days of age.

Quantification of N -Methylhistidine and N-Methylhistidine in Chicken Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The concentration of -methylhistidine in plasma provides an index of skeletal muscle protein breakdown. This study aimed to establish a quantitative method for measuring the concentrations of -methylhistidine and its isomer -methylhistidine in chicken plasma, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope dilution analysis. The acceptable linear ranges of detection were 1.

Effects of Supplementation with Dried Neem Leaf Extract on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme mRNA Expression in the Pectoralis Major Muscle of Broiler Chickens.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of dried neem () leaf extract (DNE) on lipid peroxidation and the expression of genes encoding mRNAs in antioxidant enzymes in the pectoralis major muscle of chickens. A total of 24 male broiler chickens (ROSS308) were divided into three groups (=8) at 21 days of age. The control group of chickens was fed a basal diet, and the remaining two groups of chickens were fed a basal diet supplemented with DNE at a concentration of 0.

Suppression of FoxO1 mRNA by β -adrenoceptor-cAMP signaling through miR-374b-5p and miR-7a-1-3p in C2C12 myotubes.

β -Adrenoceptor (β -AR) signaling decreases the transcriptional activity of forkhead box O (FoxO), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated how β -AR signaling regulates the protein abundance of FoxO and its transcriptional activity in skeletal muscle. We observed that stimulation of β -AR with its selective agonist, clenbuterol, rapidly decreased FoxO1 mRNA expression, and this was accompanied by a decrease in either FoxO1 protein level or FoxO transcriptional activity.

Effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on backfat thickness and serum metabolite profiles of the Kagoshima-Kurobuta (Berkshire) pig.

We investigated the effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on the backfat thickness and the serum metabolite profiles of Kagoshima-Kurobuta (Berkshire) pigs. A total of 149 pigs with an average body weight of 35 kg were divided into the following groups: 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 10%, and 0% groups consisting of 10 barrows (1 pen), 9 barrows + 1 gilt (3 pens), 7 barrows + 3 gilts (2 pens), 5 barrows + 5 gilts (3 pens), 3 barrows + 7 gilts (2 pens), 1 barrow + 9 gilts (3 pens), and 9 gilts (1 pen), respectively. All pigs were raised to a shipping weight of 120 kg.

Genetic effect on free amino acid contents of egg yolk and albumen using five different chicken genotypes under floor rearing system.

Chicken eggs play an important role as food resources in the world. Although genetic effects on yolk and albumen contents have been reported, the number of chicken genotypes analyzed so far is still limited. To investigate the effect of genetic background on 10 egg traits, 19 yolk amino acid traits, and 19 albumen amino acid traits, we evaluated a total of 58 eggs from five genotypes: two Japanese indigenous breeds (Ukokkei and Nagoya) and three hybrids (Araucana cross, Kurohisui, and Boris Brown) under a floor rearing system.

Effects of low and high levels of maternal nutrition consumed for the entirety of gestation on the development of muscle, adipose tissue, bone, and the organs of Wagyu cattle fetuses.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of high and low levels of energy intake during the entire gestation period on the skeletal muscle development, organ development, and adipose tissue accumulation in fetuses of Wagyu (Japanese Black) cows, a breed with highly marbled beef. Cows were allocated to a high-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 120% of the nutritional requirement) or low-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 60% of the nutritional requirement). The cows were artificially inseminated with semen from the same sire, and the fetuses were removed by cesarean section at 260 ± 8.

Impact on genetic differences among various chicken breeds on free amino acid contents of egg yolk and albumen.

Eggs play important roles as food resources and nutraceuticals, to alleviate malnutrition and to improve health status in the world. Since free amino acids contribute to the nutritional values and food tastes, we investigated a total of 81 eggs from five chicken breeds, which are Australorp, Nagoya (NGY), Rhode Island Red (RIR), Shamo (SHA), Ukokkei, and two F hybrids (NGYxRIR and SHAxRIR) to test impact on genetic differences in 10 egg traits, 20 yolk amino acid traits, and 18 albumen amino acid traits. One-way ANOVA revealed significant breed effects on 10 egg traits, 20 yolk amino acid traits, and 15 albumen amino acid traits.

Acknowledging the use of human cadaveric tissues in research papers: Recommendations from anatomical journal editors.

Research within the anatomical sciences often relies on human cadaveric tissues. Without the good will of these donors who allow us to use their bodies to push forward our anatomical knowledge, most human anatomical research would come to a standstill. However, many research papers omit an acknowledgement to the donor cadavers or, as no current standardized versions exist, use language that is extremely varied.

Insulin Stimulation of Protein Synthesis and mTOR Signaling in Chick Myotube Cultures.

Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscles. Protein synthesis is controlled by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in skeletal muscles. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of insulin on protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in chick myotube cultures.

Prognostic value of OCT4A and SPP1C transcript variant co-expression in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Octamer-binding transcription factor 4A (OCT4A) is essential for cell pluripotency and reprogramming both in humans and mice. To date, however, the function of human OCT4 in somatic and/or tumour tissues is largely unknown.

Methods: RT-PCR was used to identify full-length splice forms of OCT4 transcripts in normal and cancer cells.

Effects of Cyclic High Ambient Temperature and Dietary Supplementation of Orotic Acid, a Pyrimidine Precursor, on Plasma and Muscle Metabolites in Broiler Chickens.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high ambient temperature (HT) and orotic acid supplementation on the plasma and muscle metabolomic profiles in broiler chickens. Thirty-two 14-day-old broiler chickens were divided into four treatment groups that were fed diets with or without 0.7% orotic acid under thermoneutral (25 ± 1 °C) or cyclic HT (35 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) conditions for 2 weeks.

[A Case of Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia Extramedullary Recurrence in a Patient Undergoing Thoracoscopy for Massive Pleural Effusion].

A man in his early 70s visited a previous hospital because of pancytopenia and was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia based on a bone marrowexamination. The karyotype was 46,XY, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)[2/20], and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)revealed minor bcr-abl chimeric mRNA.

Effects of delaying post-hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the pectoralis major muscle of newly hatched chicks.

Excessive lipid peroxidation negatively affects the physiological response and meat quality of chickens. Delaying post-hatch feeding was previously found to increase lipid peroxidation in the skeletal muscle of finishing broiler chickens. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of delayed post-hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and the mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes in the pectoralis major muscle of broiler chicks during the post-hatching period.

HMGB1 Translocation in Neurons after Ischemic Insult: Subcellular Localization in Mitochondria and Peroxisomes.

High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone chromatin DNA-binding protein, is released from neurons into the extracellular space under ischemic, hemorrhagic, and traumatic insults. However, the details of the time-dependent translocation of HMGB1 and the subcellular localization of HMGB1 through the release process in neurons remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the subcellular localization of HMGB1 during translocation of HMGB1 in the cytosolic compartment using a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model in rats.