Plasma ACTH levels during early, two-way avoidance acquisition in high- and low-avoidance rats (Hatano strains).

Having successfully bred for high- and low-avoidance rats (HAA and LAA, respectively) on a shuttlebox task, we performed three experiments designed to identify factors which might be related to the phenotypic differences seen in avoidance behavior. In experiment 1, shuttlebox behavior was measured to determine whether the phenotypic difference was activity related. In terms of intertrial responses, there was no difference between HAA and LAA rats in locomotor activity during the conditioning process.

Antimicrobial activity of the thiosulfinates isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract.

Three thiosulfinates were isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract, and their structures were identified as 2-propene-1-sulfinothioic acid S-(Z,E)-1-propenyl ester [AllS(O)SPn-(Z,E)], 2-propenesulfinothioic acid S-methyl ester [AllS(O)SMe], and methanesulfinothioic acid S-(Z,E)-1-propenyl ester [MeS(O)SPn-(Z,E)]. This is the first report of isolating these thiosulfinates from oil-macerated garlic extract. Antimicrobial activities of AllS(O)SPn-(Z,E) and AllS(O)SMe against Gram-positive and negative bacteria and yeasts were compared with 2-propene-1-sulfinothioic acid S-2-propenyl ester [AllS(O)SAll, allicin] which is well-known as the major thiosulfinate in garlic.

An organosulfur compound isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract, and its antimicrobial effect.

An organosulfur compound was isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract by silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. From the results of NMR, IR, and MS analyses, its structure was determined as E-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,7-diene-9-oxide (iso-E-10-devinylajoene, iso-E-10-DA). This compound was different from E-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,6-diene-9-oxide (E-10-devinylajoene, E-10-DA) only in the position of a double bond.

Comparative study of behavioral development between high and low shuttlebox avoidance rats.

Previously, we reported that high- and low-avoidance animals (HAA and LAA, respectively), selectively bred for different avoidance response rates in a shuttlebox avoidance test, showed additional behavioral differences in wheel cage activity and in water maze performance after weaning. In the present study, physical and behavioral development were examined in HAA and LAA during the preweaning period. As compared to HAA, LAA offspring showed lower body weight, delayed eye opening, poorer performance in pivoting and negative geotaxis, and increased open-field activity.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of seratrodast and its metabolites in human serum and urine.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seratrodast, a new antiasthmatic drug, and its metabolites (M-I to M-III) in human serum and urine. The method for serum and urine with and without enzymatic hydrolysis using beta-glucuronidase involved liquid-liquid extraction and chemical oxidation with iron(III) chloride. The compounds in the extract were analyzed using HPLC with UV detection at 266 nm.

Behavioral characteristics of micrencephalic rats in high and low shuttlebox avoidance lines.

Rats of two lines, selectively bred for high and low shuttlebox avoidance response, and unselected line of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given an IP injection of methylnitrosourea (MNU) at 5 mg/kg on day 13 of gestation. Their offspring, all with micrencephaly, were subjected to the Biel maze, shuttlebox avoidance, and wheel cage activity tests during 6 to 9 weeks of age. Results from micrencephalic rats were compared with those obtained from untreated control offspring of the respective lines.

Evaluation of a continuous cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen saturation catheter in critically ill surgical patients.

Objective: To evaluate the agreement of continuous cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen saturation measurements, obtained with a modified pulmonary artery catheter, with those values obtained by standard intermittent bolus thermodilution and cooximetry.

Design: Prospective, clinical investigation.

Setting: A surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary referral center.

Traumatic pancreatic duct rupture in a child diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.

We report on a child who sustained blunt abdominal trauma with pancreatic duct rupture diagnosed by preoperative endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). Duct laceration remained undiagnosed by computerized tomography or ultrasonography. Preoperative ERP is the only known method for the accurate diagnosis of injury to main pancreatic duct.

Effects of water content on physical and chemical stability of tablets containing an anticancer drug TAT-59.

(E)-4-[1-[4-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-(4-isopropyl) phenyl]-1-butenyl]phenyl monophosphate (TAT-59) is a new drug for the treatment of breast cancer. Physical and chemical stability of a tablet consisting of TAT-59 powder and a few excipients (Formulated tablet), a tablet consisting of only TAT-59 powder (TAT-59 tablet) and TAT-59 powder itself was evaluated based on water content, tensile strength, porosity, the amount of TAT-59 and its hydrolysis product, DP-TAT-59. The water content of Formulated tablet increased with relative humidity (RH), whereas that of TAT-59 tablet and TAT-59 powder scarcely changed.

[Effects of lung volume levels and trapidil on transdiaphragmatic pressure in young healthy subjects].

Effects of lung volume levels, and effect of intravenous administration of Trapidil on the maximal force developed by the diaphragm were investigated by the measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) in 10 healthy young subjects. To evaluate transdiaphragmatic pressure, delta Pdimax was used. delta Pdimax was calculated by the subtraction of the transdiaphragmatic pressure at FRC (Pdi FRC) from the maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax) at each lung-volume level.

Normative data and the effect of correction for prematurity on test scores in the psychomotor development of extremely low birthweight infants.

This study was concerned with the problem how we should allow for gestational age at birth when evaluating psychomotor development in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. The consequences of the use of corrected and uncorrected developmental test scores as to the degree of prematurity were studied in 27 consecutive ELBW children who had been categorized as being normal on neurological and psychological testing at 5 1/2 years. The present study provides evidence that the overall trend of psychomotor development in normal ELBW children is not accelerated, but is guided by maturation of the central nervous system.

Consistency and changes in the development of extremely low birthweight infants.

Thirty infants who weighed less than 1,000 g were evaluated as to neurological functioning and mental ability at 1 year and, again, at 3 years of age. The results of the examinations showed the high correlation in the neurological status between infancy and the preschool period, particularly, for children who were diagnosed as being clearly normal or abnormal at 1 year. There was a high percentage of psychomotor delays in those with ophthalmic complications.

Auditory acuity and performance on the mental status questionnaire in the elderly.

The relationship between auditory acuity and performance on the Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ, Kahn et al) was investigated in 27 residents of two skilled nursing facilities. Statistically significant correlations between auditory acuity and MSQ total scores were obtained at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, and 6000 Hz, but not at 8000 Hz. The correlations between auditory acuity and individual item scores, however, were statistically significant for only those items for which nursing home personnel believed the opportunity existed for residents to her the answers.

Spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly adults.

Three experiments investigated spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly women. The three experiments differed with regard to the method by which subjects were initially familiarized with the experimental stimuli. Subjects were required to make decisions about the correctness of each of several types of slides presented to them.

Use of conventional endodontic therapy in a case of veterinary medicine.

An Air Force veterinarian consulted with an Air Force endodontist concerning the fractured canine in a German shepherd sentry dog. Exposure of the pulp was evident and root canal therapy was initiated; general anesthesia was used. Problems were encountered in preparation of the canal because of its length.

Self-mutilation and sleep stage in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

Correlation of self-mutilation and sleep stage in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome was studied by a polygraphic method. Five patients and three control boys were monitored with EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG and respiration throughout the night. The results were as follows: 1.