Inhibition of the ULK1 protein complex suppresses -induced autophagy and cell death.

Autophagy plays multiple roles in host cells challenged with extracellular pathogens. Here, we aimed to explore whether autophagy inhibition could prevent bacterial infections. We first confirmed widely distinct patterns of autophagy responses in host cells infected with , as compared with Only infection with produced strong accumulation of lipidated autophagy-related protein LC3B (LC3B-II).

Lysosomotropism depends on glucose: a chloroquine resistance mechanism.

There has been long-standing interest in targeting pro-survival autophagy as a combinational cancer therapeutic strategy. Clinical trials are in progress testing chloroquine (CQ) or its derivatives in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy for solid and haematological cancers. Although CQ has shown efficacy in preclinical models, its mechanism of action remains equivocal.