Dietary Derived Micronutrients Modulate Immune Responses Through Innate Lymphoid Cells.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells that possess overlapping features with T cells, although they lack antigen-specific receptors. ILCs consist of five subsets-ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi-like) cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. They have significant functions in mediating various immune responses, protecting mucosal barrier integrity and maintaining tissue homeostasis in the lung, skin, intestines, and liver.

Burkitt leukemia with precursor B-cell features that developed after ruxolitinib treatment in a patient with hydroxyurea-refractory JAK2-myeloproliferative neoplasm.

A 62-year-old woman, who had a 16-year history of JAK2-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), developed Burkitt leukemia (BL) 16 months after treatment with ruxolitinib to control hydroxyurea-refractory conditions. BL cells were CD10, CD19, CD20, CD34, cytoplasmic CD79a, and TdT, and lacked surface immunoglobulins but expressed the cytoplasmic μ heavy chain. In the bone marrow, nuclear MYC BL cells displaced the MPN tissues.

Chiral-spin rotation of non-collinear antiferromagnet by spin-orbit torque.

Electrical manipulation of magnetic materials by current-induced spin torque constitutes the basis of spintronics. Here, we show an unconventional response to spin-orbit torque of a non-collinear antiferromagnet MnSn, which has attracted attention owing to its large anomalous Hall effect despite a vanishingly small net magnetization. In epitaxial heavy-metal/MnSn heterostructures, we observe a characteristic fluctuation of the Hall resistance under the application of electric current.

Characterization of putative tachykinin peptides in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Tachykinin-like peptides, such as substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B, are among the earliest discovered and best-studied neuropeptide families, and research on them has contributed greatly to our understanding of the endocrine control of many physiological processes. However, there are still many orphan tachykinin receptor homologs for which cognate ligands have not yet been identified, especially in small invertebrates, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans).

Update on Genetics of Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension, with a prevalence of 5-10% among patients with hypertension. PA is mainly classified into two subtypes: aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Recent developments in genetic analysis have facilitated the discovery of mutations in , , , , , , and in sporadic or familial forms of PA in the last decade.

Nonbiomimetic total synthesis of indole alkaloids using alkyne-based strategies.

Biomimetic natural product synthesis is generally straightforward and efficient because of its established feasibility in nature and utility in comprehensive synthesis, and the cost-effectiveness of naturally derived starting materials. On the other hand, nonbiomimetic strategies can be an important option in natural product synthesis since (1) nonbiomimetic synthesis offers more flexibility and can demonstrate the originality of chemists, and (2) the structures of derivatives accessible by nonbiomimetic synthesis can be considerably different from those that are synthesised in nature. This review summarises nonbiomimetic total syntheses of indole alkaloids using alkyne chemistry for constructing core structures, including ergot alkaloids, monoterpene indole alkaloids (mainly corynanthe, aspidosperma, strychnos, and akuammiline), and pyrroloindole and related alkaloids.

Multi-distance surface-emitting beam profile calculation method based on the FDTD method and the diffraction theory.

A hybrid method to calculate a multi-distance beam profile emitted perpendicular from a surface of a photonic crystal (PhC) is proposed here based on the finite-domain time-difference (FDTD) method and the diffraction theory. Although the FDTD method is available to calculate a near-field emitted from the PhC, it needs too many voxels to calculate mid- and far-fields. Thus, the diffraction theory is additionally applied to obtain the mid- and far-fields using the near-field calculated by the FDTD method.

Nanosecond Random Telegraph Noise in In-Plane Magnetic Tunnel Junctions.

We study the timescale of random telegraph noise (RTN) of nanomagnets in stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). From analytical and numerical calculations based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and the Fokker-Planck equations, we reveal mechanisms governing the relaxation time of perpendicular easy-axis MTJs (p-MTJs) and in-plane easy-axis MTJs (i-MTJs), showing that i-MTJs can be made to have faster RTN. Superparamagnetic i-MTJs with small in-plane anisotropy and sizable perpendicular effective anisotropy show relaxation times down to 8 ns at negligible bias current, which is more than 5 orders of magnitude shorter than that of typical stochastic p-MTJs and about 100 times faster than the shortest time of i-MTJs reported so far.

Perceived and actual changes in gait balance after CSF shunting in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: We evaluated the perceived and actual changes in gait and balance function immediately after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), including those with mild cases.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-nine iNPH patients were assessed using the timed Up and Go (TUG) and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) before and 1-week after CSF shunting and their perceived changes were assessed on a Global Rate of Change (GRC) scale. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method using GRC scores.

Improvement of loperamide-induced slow transit constipation by Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 is mediated by the correction of butyrate production and neurotransmitter profile due to improvement in dysbiosis.

A treatment option for constipation that improves the quality of life is needed since available laxatives do not effectively improve the quality of life in patients with constipation. A significant association between gut dysbiosis and constipation is recognized, suggesting that probiotics may be an important option for management of constipation. The underlying mechanism by which probiotics improve constipation remains unclear.

Gut microbiota composition associated with hepatic fibrosis in non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background And Aim: Gut microbiota composition is associated with the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the association between gut microbiota composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese patients remains unclear. We compared clinical parameters and gut microbiota profiles of healthy controls and non-obese and obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Corrigendum to "Association of the maternal microbiome in Japanese pregnant women with the cumulative prevalence of dermatitis in early infancy: A pilot study from the Chiba study of Mother and Child Health birth cohort" [World Allergy Organ J 12/10 (2019) 100065].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.

Pancreatic glycoprotein 2 is a first line of defense for mucosal protection in intestinal inflammation.

Increases in adhesive and invasive commensal bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, and subsequent disruption of the epithelial barrier is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the protective systems against such barrier disruption are not fully understood. Here, we show that secretion of luminal glycoprotein 2 (GP2) from pancreatic acinar cells is induced in a TNF-dependent manner in mice with chemically induced colitis.

Truncation of 3' CCND1 by t(11;22) leads to negative SP4 CCND1 immunohistochemistry in blastoid mantle cell lymphoma.

t(11;22)(q13;q11)/-IGL resulted in truncation of the 3′ coding sequences in a case of blastoid variant mantle cell lymphoma. The translocation generated CCND1 with a C-terminal alteration, leading to negative CCND1 immunohistochemistry by SP4 monoclonal antibody.

Chemical interaction of 4-META with enamel in resin-enamel bonds.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to analyze 4-META resin and enamel that are debonded at an adhesive interface. The XPS spectra showed two chemical states for Ca: one resulted from Ca of hydroxyapatite and the other, an unknown chemical state, suggested that Ca was chemically bonded with 4-META. We postulate that for a chemical reaction of 4-META and hydroxyapatite, the chemical structure of carboxyl groups will resemble that of calcium phthalate.

High Remission Rate with Infliximab and Plant-Based Diet as First-Line (IPF) Therapy for Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Single-Group Trial.

Introduction: About one-third of patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) do not respond to corticosteroid therapy and receive rescue therapy with infliximab or cyclosporine. Up to 20% of such patients fail to respond to rescue therapy and undergo colectomy.

Objective: We investigated the outcomes of infliximab and a plant-based diet (PBD) as first-line therapy for severe UC.

Ascending pharyngeal artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery anastomosis via the jugular foramen: a case report and literature review.

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) rarely arises from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and is called persistent trigeminal artery variant. The PICA also can arise from the cervical segment of the ICA, and it enters the posterior fossa via the hypoglossal canal, where it is called persistent hypoglossal artery variant. Using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), we diagnosed a 79-year-old man with a PICA arising from the ascending pharyngeal artery and passing through the medial side of the jugular foremen pars vascularis.

Medial type persistent trigeminal artery associated with a saccular aneurysm at its trunk.

There are four types of fetal anastomosis between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries at 5 weeks gestation; from caudal to cranial position, these involve the proatlantal intersegmental, hypoglossal, otic, and trigeminal arteries. Excluding otic artery, these arteries may persist rarely. Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis, and the medial type (intrasellar) PTA is quite rare, accounting for approximately 10% of all PTA cases.

[Investigation of the reproducibility and validity of a questionnaire on usual bowel movement patterns and stool characteristics compared to an evacuation diary].

Objective　Stool reflect our dietary and nutritional status as well as the characteristics of gut microbiota; thus, stool can be a convenient, noninvasive index for the evaluation of physical health and nutritional intake. However, there are few studies on appropriate tools for comprehensive and easy-to-perform objective assessments of stool. Therefore, there is a need for an effective questionnaire to accurately ascertain daily bowel movement patterns ("usual evacuation") and stool characteristics.

Ghost secondary light source for LED collimated illumination.

Collimated illumination using a light-emitting diode (LED) is widely used in the residential, commercial, and optical inspection fields. A typical collimator, namely, one that is a parabolic reflector, has a focal point on which a light source should be placed. The light source approximates a point source, which enables light rays reflected by the reflector to form a collimated beam with a narrow light distribution angle.

Energy Efficient Control of Ultrafast Spin Current to Induce Single Femtosecond Pulse Switching of a Ferromagnet.

New methods to induce magnetization switching in a thin ferromagnetic material using femtosecond laser pulses without the assistance of an applied external magnetic field have recently attracted a lot of interest. It has been shown that by optically triggering the reversal of the magnetization in a GdFeCo layer, the magnetization of a nearby ferromagnetic thin film can also be reversed via spin currents originating in the GdFeCo layer. Here, using a similar structure, it is shown that the magnetization reversal of the GdFeCo is not required in order to reverse the magnetization of the ferromagnetic thin film.

An amperometric biosensor of L-fucose in urine for the first screening test of cancer.

Quantitative routine detection of fucose, which is a cancer marker, in urine is effective for the preliminary screening of cancer. Amperometric biosensing methods have the advantage of being simple, rapid, and precise for urinalysis. However, coexisting electroactive interferences such as ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) prevent accurate measurements.

MANTA, an integrative database and analysis platform that relates microbiome and phenotypic data.

With an ever-increasing interest in understanding the relationships between the microbiota and the host, more tools to map, analyze and interpret these relationships have been developed. Most of these tools, however, focus on taxonomic profiling and comparative analysis among groups, with very few analytical tools designed to correlate microbiota and the host phenotypic data. We have developed a software program for creating a web-based integrative database and analysis platform called MANTA (Microbiota And pheNoType correlation Analysis platform).