Resection margins in ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery.

Background: Few published studies have shown the benefits of intraoperative ultrasound in avoiding inadequate margins in breast-conserving surgery. The aim of this study is to quantify intraoperative ultrasound margin size and assess its relationship to tumor size, multifocality, palpability, histology, and presence of intraductal component.

Methods: Patients with breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery in whom the operating surgeon visualized the tumor by ultrasound were included.

Comparison between the first and the second electroejaculate qualities obtained from neurologically intact men suffering from anejaculation.

Background: Electroejaculation is an artificial method used to procure semen from neurologically intact men suffering from anejaculation that have failed other treatments. In order to establish the consistency of semen parameters in repeated electroejaculations, we compared retrospectively the quality of the first and the second electroejaculates of anejaculatory men who were not suffering from any known neurological problems.

Methods: Between 1995 and 2004, 59 neurologically intact men suffering from anejaculation underwent multiple electroejaculations.

Electroejaculation with a foley catheter in the bladder.

Electroejaculation has been successfully used for sperm procurement in anejaculatory men desiring fertility. The electroejaculation procedure begins with complete catheterization of the bladder and instillation of an insemination medium into the bladder as a buffer. This step can minimize possible detrimental effects of urine on any retrograde ejaculate.