Strabismus surgery using the intraoperative adjustable suture method under anesthesia with propofol.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using the intraoperative adjustable suture method with anesthesia induced by intravenously administered propofol for strabismus surgery.

Methods: Seven adult patients (mean age, 29.7 +/- 18.

Rod monochromatism and blue cone monochromatism: pupillary, accommodative and convergence reactions to darkness.

Purpose: To elucidate the mechanism of paradoxical pupillary constriction to darkness (PPCD) and the clinical characteristics facilitating this phenomenon.

Methods: Six rod monochromats, three blue cone monochromats, with three obligate BCM carriers, and ten age matched controls were studied. Pupillary responses, refractions and eye positions were measured with an infrared refractometer, with and without background room lighting while being simultaneously recorded on VHS (infrared) video tape from onset of darkness.

Use of dynamic and colored stereogram to measure stereopsis in strabismic patients.

The effectiveness of movement or color has not been well studied in assessing stereopsis in patients with strabismus. We developed a new stereotest equipped with both a monochromatic dynamic random dot stereogram (DRDS) and a static-colored stereogram (SCS) and examined the stereopsis of patients with strabismus. Three-dimensional (3D) images were displayed on a liquid crystal display equipped with a parallax barrier system, allowing 3D images to be seen independently by each eye without glasses.

Value of thyroid stimulating antibody in the diagnosis of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy of euthyroid patients.

Aims/background: Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) of euthyroid patients is difficult to diagnose because clinical findings overlap with other conditions, and no confirmatory diagnostic tests are available. Recently, it was reported that TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) and thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) are sensitive markers of TAO. The sensitivity of these antibodies in the detection of TAO were therefore studied to determine if they could be a useful criterion in the diagnosis of TAO of euthyroid patients.

The effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on form-deprivation myopia.

Purpose: Form-deprivation myopia (FDM) is believed to result principally from actions of substances that modulate information processing in the retina. We used a chick model to investigate what role nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous neuromodulator, might play in the development of FDM.

Methods: We injected different concentrations of the NO synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (30 ml) into the left eyes and the same volume of saline into the right eyes of 6-day-old chicks.

Retinal function with lens-induced myopia compared with form-deprivation myopia in chicks.

Background: The retina is known to be involved in the development of form-deprivation myopia (FDM); however, it is not clear whether the retinal changes that lead to lens-induced myopia (LIM) are the same as those involved in FDM. To gain insight into the retinal mechanism(s) that cause myopia, we investigated differences in the results of electroretinography (ERG) in eyes with FDM and LIM.

Methods: LIM or FDM was induced in chick eyes by placing various powers of spectacles or an occluder over the left eyes of 6-day-old chicks.

Exotropia secondary to vitreous hemorrhage.

Background: Diplopia after cataract surgery has been reported by several authors, but diplopia after recovery from vitreous hemorrhage (VH) has not been described.

Methods: We examined eight patients with manifest exotropia and binocular diplopia after recovery from dense VH by vitreous surgery. VH was bilateral in three patients and unilateral in five, and lasted for an average of 7.

Horizontal transposition of vertical rectus muscles for treatment of excyclotropia.

Background: Horizontal transposition of the vertical rectus muscles has been performed for treatment of excyclotropia associated with congenital absence of the superior oblique, and for residual excyclotropia after the Harada-Ito operation. However, the amount of excyclotropia that can be corrected and whether this technique alters the vertical muscle balance is not well known. We report the surgical results of three patients with pure excyclotropia who underwent unilateral one-half tendon width horizontal transpositions of vertical rectus muscles.

A clinical evaluation of stereopsis required to see 3-D images.

Some children with esotropia who have been diagnosed as 'stereoblind' on the basis of conventional stereotests (which principally use static images with small disparity) may nevertheless enjoy stereopsis for three-dimensional (3-D) animations that use dynamic images with large disparity. The purpose of this study was to develop a new stereotest equipped with dynamic random-dot stereogram (DRDS) which has larger disparity with movement and use it with esotropic children to see if they can attain stereopsis for such images. Subjects were 17 esotropic children between 5 and 10 years old (mean age 6.

Transient hyperopia with lens swelling at initial therapy in diabetes.

The clinical courses of 10 eyes of five diabetic patients who exhibited bilateral transient hyperopia (maximum: 1:1-4.9 dioptres, spherical equivalent) after initiation of strict control of diabetes with or without insulin are reported. The hyperopia occurred within a few days after abrupt decrease in plasma glucose, progressed to maximum at days 7-14, and regressed gradually over 1 month thereafter.

[The aging of accommodative function and its pupillary response in VDT workers without subjective complaints].

Using a computer-assisted infrared optometer with a pupillometer, we measured the accommodative function and its pupillary response in 81 female subjects (age: 31-55 yrs) without visual complaints who worked via visual-display-terminal (VDT). From these measurements we analyzed the following 6 parameters regarding accommodation, and investigated whether a correlation exists between age and each parameter. The six parameters were, (1) the amplitude of objective accommodation, (2) the refractive fluctuation at the resting state of accommodation, (3) the refractive fluctuation after receiving myopic stimuli, (4) the pupil area prior to myopic stimuli, (5) the maximum rate of constriction by accommodation, and (6) the rate of pupil area recovery after accommodation.

[The effects on accommodative and pupillary responses by topical application of cyclopentolate hydrochloride].

Accommodative and pupillary responses, refractive change, and visual acuity after 30 microliters instillation of cyclopentolate hydrochloride of various concentrations (0.00625-0.1%) in 6 young normal males (27.

[Insufficient accommodation in patient with keratoconus].

The accommodation response in 10 unoperated patients with keratoconus (mean, 28.3 years) and 10 age-matched normal individuals (mean, 25.8 years) was examined.

Goblet cell density in thermal and chemical injuries.

Abnormality of the conjunctival epithelium was evaluated in ten patients with severe thermal and chemical injuries at the scarred stage, eight patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, five with cicatricial ocular pemphigoid, and 13 normal subjects, based on goblet cell densities obtained using impression cytologic examination. The average and SDs of goblet cell densities were 197.4 +/- 264.