Exploring neurocognitive features in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa: Evidence from a longitudinal study.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in set-shifting and central coherence in a predominantly adolescent cohort with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to explore whether these factors predict long-term eating disorder outcomes.

Method: Ninety-two female patients with AN (mean age: 16.2, range: 13-21 years) completed neurocognitive tests (Rey Complex Figure Test, Adapted Version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) before and after 12 months of psychotherapeutic treatment (n = 45 Maudsley AN Treatment, MANTRa; n = 47 standard psychotherapy; groups not randomised).

The Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adolescents and emerging adults: A multi-centre cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was examining the efficacy of the Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adolescents and Young Adults (MANTRa) compared to individual psychotherapy that can be considered as standard in Austria (TAU-O).

Method: In this cohort study, 92 patients between 13 and 21 years suffering from full-syndrome, atypical or weight-restored anorexia nervosa (AN) received either 24-34 individual MANTRa sessions (n = 45) or TAU-O (n = 47). Outcome variables were age- and sex-related BMI, eating disorder and comorbid psychopathology at 6-, 12- and 18-month post baseline as well as acceptability of treatment and therapeutic alliance.

Conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 guideline adherence in adolescent psychiatric outpatients: the predictive role of adverse childhood experiences.

Background: Conspiracy beliefs have become widespread throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have shown that endorsing conspiracy beliefs leads to lower protective guideline adherence (i.e.

New preparation methods for coated heat exchangers in adsorption refrigeration and heat pumps applications.

Adsorption refrigeration systems and heat pumps still possess a relatively reduced market share as compared to the traditional compression systems. Despite having the great advantage of being powered by cheap heat (instead of expensive electric work), the implementation of systems based on adsorption principles remains limited to few specific applications. The main drawback that needs to be solved is their reduced specific power due to the low thermal conductivity and low stability of the adsorbents.

Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review.

Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness), in order to generate an appropriate emotional response, to handle excitability, mood instability, and emotional overreactivity, and to come down to an emotional baseline. Because ED has not been defined as a clinical entity, and because ED plays a major role in child and adolescent psychopathology, we decided to summarize current knowledge on this topic based on a narrative review of the current literature. This narrative review is based on a literature search of peer-reviewed journals.

Practitioner's review: medication for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid conditions.

Alleviating the multiple problems of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its comorbid conditions presents major challenges for the affected children, parents, and therapists. Because of a complex psychopathology, structured therapy and parent training are not always sufficient, especially for those patients with intellectual disability (ID) and multiple comorbidities. Moreover, structured therapy is not available for a large number of patients, and pharmacological support is often needed, especially in those children with additional attention deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant, conduct, and sleep disorders.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and executive dysfunction in preschool children. A comparison of NEPSY and BRIEF-P assessments.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore prevalence, interrelations and accuracy of assessing psychopathology, intelligence, and executive functions (EF) in preschool children with ADHD (age 2.1-6.5 years).

The Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adolescents and young adults (MANTRa): a study protocol for a multi-center cohort study.

Background: The treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) is often challenging due to medical complications as well as high relapse and mortality rates. Studies about effective treatment options for people with AN are particularly scarce in the adolescent population. This paper is a study protocol for a multi-center cohort study assessing the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a new, manualized treatment program, the "Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adolescents and Young Adults" (MANTRa) compared to psychotherapeutic treatment as usual (TAU).

New Experimental Installation to Determine Adsorptive Properties of Magnesium Sulphate.

Adsorption processes are of great interest in catalysis, material separation, and thermal management. In recent decades, adsorbents have been further investigated because of their applications in adsorption refrigeration, heat pumps, and thermal energy storage. Thus, there is an increasing need to determine the macroscopic properties of the adsorbent, specifically their adsorption/desorption capacity and speed, because these two factors determine the power and size of the corresponding adsorber.

Psychology versus medication for preanesthesia preparation of children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Reducing preoperative anxiety is important as inadequate preoperative management can potentially give rise to behavioral problems in the postoperative course, leading to incalculable quantitative and qualitative handicaps later in life. We compared preanesthetic administration of midazolam to a psychological strategy of walking the children through the operating room and playfully demonstrating anesthesia equipment.

Methods: Of 60 children initially randomized, 43 were ultimately evaluated along with their parents.

Social anxiety disorder and emotion regulation problems in adolescents.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents may be associated with the use of maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies. The present study examined the use of maladaptive and adaptive ER strategies in adolescents with SAD.

Methods: 30 adolescents with SAD (CLIN) and 36 healthy adolescents for the control group (CON) aged between 11 and 16 years were assessed with the standardized questionnaires PHOKI () for self-reported fears as well as FEEL-KJ () for different emotion regulation strategies.

Influence of Psychopharmacotherapy on the Quality of Life of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have a lasting effect on the quality of life (QoL) of children and their parents. Children with ADHD as well as their parents report a lower QoL compared with healthy children and children with chronic diseases such as bronchial asthma. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the changes of QoL of children with ADHD and their parents' subjective well-being before and after starting pharmacotherapy.

Transcultural differences of psychologically traumatised children and adolescents.

Background: The symptoms following a traumatic event as well as the coping strategies can be culture specific. The objective of the present study was to analyse the transcultural differences of psychologically traumatized children and adolescents with and without migration background.

Methods: The medical files of 199 psychologically traumatized children and adolescents (99 native Austrian, 100 Turkish-speaking) who were treated at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Vienna were retrospectively analysed.

Somatic complaints in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Background: Associations of social anxiety disorder (SAD) with various somatic symptoms have been already reported in the literature several times. The present study investigated somatic complaints in children and adolescents with SAD compared to controls and evaluated the relationship between social anxiety and somatic symptom severity.

Methods: Thirty children and adolescents with SAD were compared with 36 healthy age-matched controls.

Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Aim: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a serious disorder leading to and maintaining pertinent personal and social impairment. IGD has to be considered in view of heterogeneous and incomplete concepts. We therefore reviewed the scientific literature on IGD to provide an overview focusing on definitions, symptoms, prevalence, and aetiology.

Meta-analysis of immunonutrition in major abdominal surgery.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of immunonutrition in major abdominal surgery with special regard to subgroups and influence of bias.

Methods: A systematic literature search from January 1985 to July 2015 was performed in MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL. Only RCTs investigating immunonutrition in major abdominal surgery were included.

Practitioner Review: School-based interventions in child mental health.

Background: School-based interventions (SBIs) are well-established and effective treatments for improving child mental health. Specific school-based topics include prevention (Tier I-III) and interventions (e.g.

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in adolescents with borderline personality disorder and ultra-high risk criteria for psychosis: a post hoc subgroup analysis of a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate whether long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) improve functioning and psychiatric symptoms in young people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who also meet ultra-high risk criteria for psychosis.

Methods: We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Fifteen adolescents with BPD (mean age 16.

Emotional aspects of anorexia nervosa: results of prospective naturalistic cognitive behavioral group therapy.

Background: Anorexic girls have difficulties in handling their emotions. We examined emotional problems of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) during the course of cognitive behavioral group therapy (G-CBT).

Methods: Overall, 29 girls with AN (age 13-17 years) participated in four groups of manual based G-CBT.

Cognitive functions and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background: The relationship between metabolic control and cognitive function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (DM type 1) is not clear. We compared the quality of glycemic control (GC) and cognitive measures in adolescents with DM type 1 to find out if the quality of diabetes management is related to cognitive impairment.

Method: We assessed executive functions (EFs) and other neuropsychological and psychosocial variables in 70 adolescent patients with DM type 1 and 20 age-matched controls.

Self-injurious behavior in adolescent girls. Association with psychopathology and neuropsychological functions.

Background: Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is increasingly popular in psychically ill adolescents, especially in girls with posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and personality disorders. Adolescents with SIB frequently exhibit neurofunctional and psychopathological deficits. We speculated that specific neuropsychological deficits and temperamental factors could predispose patients to SIB and prospectively explored adolescent psychiatric patients with and without SIB in order to find out differences in psychopathology, and neuropsychological or temperamental factors.

[Psychopathologic deficits after polytrauma in childhood and adolescence].

Purpose: The aim of this report was to evaluate psychological deficits following polytrauma in childhood and adolescence as well as to detect psychological vulnerable phases during the treatment period.

Methods: From 9/92 to 12/98, 41 polytrauma patients (18a or younger) were treated at the University of Vienna Medical School, Trauma Center. Out of the 28 survivors, patients with head injuries and congenital neurological deficits were excluded, leaving 10 young patients that were eligible for psychological testing after a mean follow-up of 3.