The geographical distribution of the family-genetic risk score for drug use disorder in Sweden and its co-localization with areas of social deprivation.

Background: Drug use Disorder (DUD), the risk for which is substantially influenced by both genetic and social factors, is geographically concentrated in high-risk regions. An important step toward understanding this pattern is to examine geographical distributions of the genetic liability to DUD and a key demographic risk factor - social deprivation.

Methods: We calculated the mean family genetic risk score (FGRS) for DUD ((FGRS) and social deprivation for each of the 5983 areas Demographic Statistical Areas (DeSO) for all of Sweden and used geospatial techniques to analyze and map these factors.

The number of episodes of major psychiatric and substance use disorders as an index of genetic risk and genetic heterogeneity.

We investigate whether number of episodes (NoEs) meaningfully reflect genetic risk and genetic heterogeneity for five primary disorders-Drug Use Disorder (DUD), Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), Major Depression (MD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Schizophrenia (SZ) ascertained from Swedish population registries. We utilize Genetic Risk Ratios (GRR)-defined as the ratio of the genetic risk for secondary disorders to the genetic risk for the primary disorder-derived from Family Genetic Risk Scores (FGRS). For all five primary disorders, genetic risk rose robustly with increasing NoEs.

Peer Social Genetic Effects and the Etiology of Substance Use Disorders, Major Depression, and Anxiety Disorder in a Swedish National Sample.

Objective: There is growing interest in how peers' genotypes may influence health (i.e., peer social genetic effects).

The impact of family-genetic risk scores on social functioning in individuals affected with six major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish National Sample.

To examine whether the level of genetic risk in psychiatric disorders impacts the social functioning of affected individuals, we examine the relationship between genetic risk factors for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), non-affective psychosis (NAP), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) in disordered individuals and five adverse social outcomes: unemployment, residence in areas of social deprivation, social welfare, early retirement, and divorce. We examine all cases with registration for these disorders from 1995 to 2015 in individuals born in Sweden. Genetic risk was assessed by the family genetic risk score (FGRS) and statistical estimates by Cox proportional hazard models.

Optimal follow-up with somatostatin receptor PET/CT imaging in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours.

Somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography with computerised tomography imaging (SRI) has a high sensitivity for the detection of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (siNET), which makes it ideal for follow-up. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether follow-up with SRI in patients with siNET led to any change in the treatment of the patient and if patient and/or tumour factors were associated with such change. Adults with siNET who had undergone at least two SRI scans between 2013 and 2021 were identified.

The genetic epidemiology of schizotypal personality disorder.

Background: The concept of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) emerged from observations of personality characteristics common in relatives of schizophrenic patients. While often studied in family designs, few studies and none with genetic measures, have examined SPD in epidemiological samples.

Methods: We studied individuals born in Sweden 1940-2000 with an ICD-10 diagnosis of SPD with no prior schizophrenia (SZ) diagnosis ( = 2292).

The predictive effect of family genetic risk scores as an indirect measure of causal effects of one disorder on another.

Background: One potential cause of comorbidity is the direct causal effect of one disorder - A - on risk for subsequent onset of disorder B. Could genetic risk scores be utilized to test for such an effect? If disorder A causally impacts on risk for disorder B, then genetic risk for disorder A should be lower in cases of disorder A with without a prior onset of B.

Methods: In all individuals ( = 905 736) born in Sweden from 1980 to 1990, from six psychiatric and drug use disorders (major depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia), we formed 14 pairs of disorders A and B.

The relationship between familial-genetic risk and pharmacological treatment in a Swedish national sample of patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

Using Swedish registers, we examine whether the prescription of and the response to antidepressants (AD), mood stabilizers (MS), and antipsychotics (AP) in the treatment of, respectively, major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), are influenced by familial-genetic risk. We examined individuals born in Sweden 1960-1995 with a first diagnosis of MD (n = 257,177), BD (n = 23,032), and SZ (n = 4248) from 2006 to 2018. Drug classes and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) were obtained from the Pharmacy register using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical system.

The risk for venous thromboembolism and cardiometabolic disorders in offspring from thrombosis-prone pedigrees.

Background: Most family studies on venous thromboembolism (VTE) have focused on first-degree relatives.

Objectives: We took a pedigree-based approach and examined the risk of VTE and cardiometabolic disorders in offspring from extended pedigrees according to the densities of VTE in pedigrees.

Methods: From the Swedish population, we identified a total of 482 185 pedigrees containing a mean of 14.

Trajectories of primary health care utilization: a 10-year follow-up after the Swedish Patient Choice Reform of primary health care.

Background: In January 2010, the choice reform was instituted in Swedish primary health care establishing free entry for private primary health care providers and enabling patients to choose freely among primary health care centers. The motivation behind the reform was to improve access to primary care and responsiveness to patient expectations. Reform effects on health care utilization have previously been investigated by using subgroup analyses assuming a pattern of homogeneous subgroups of the population.

Workplace socioeconomic characteristics and coronary heart disease: a nationwide follow-up study.

Objectives: Important gaps in previous research include a lack of studies on the association between socioeconomic characteristics of the workplace and coronary heart disease (CHD).We aimed to examine two contextual factors in association with individuals' risk of CHD: the mean educational level of all employees at each individual's workplace (education) and the neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics of each individual's workplace (neighbourhood SES).

Design: Nationwide follow-up/cohort study.

The moderation of the genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders in a Swedish national sample by the genetic aptitude for educational attainment.

Background: Does the genetic aptitude for educational attainment (GAEA) moderate the genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD)?

Methods: In the native Swedish population, born 1960-1980 and followed through 2017 ( = 1 862 435), the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for AUD and DUD and GAEA were calculated from, respectively, the educational attainment and risk for AUD and DUD, of 1st through 5th degree relatives from Swedish national registers. Analyses utilized Aalen's linear hazards models.

Results: Risk for AUD was robustly predicted by the main effects of FGRS [ = 6.

Predictors of diagnostic conversion from major depression to bipolar disorder: a Swedish national longitudinal study.

Background: It is clinically important to predict the conversion of major depression (MD) to bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, we sought to identify related conversion rates and risk factors.

Methods: This cohort study included the Swedish population born from 1941 onward.

Selecting cases of major psychiatric and substance use disorders in Swedish national registries on the basis of clinical features to maximize the strength or specificity of the genetic risk.

We investigate how selection of psychiatric cases by phenotypic criteria can alter the strength and specificity of their genetic risk by examining samples from national Swedish registries for five disorders: major depression (MD, N = 158,557), drug use disorder (DUD, N = 69,841), bipolar disorder (BD, N = 13,530)) ADHD (N = 54,996) and schizophrenia (N = 11,227)). We maximized the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for each disorder and then the specificity of the FGRS in six disorder pairs by univariable and multivariable regression. We use split-half methods to divide our cases for each disorder into deciles for prediction of genetic risk magnitude and quintiles for prediction of specificity by FGRS differences between two disorders.