WNT/β-catenin Signaling and CD8+ Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Tremelimumab plus durvalumab is an approved first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies identified WNT/β-catenin mutations or CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as biomarkers that can predict responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in HCC. However, biomarkers for effectiveness of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in HCC have not been reported.

Water-Soluble Rotaxane-Type Porphyrin Dyes as a Highly Membrane-Permeable and Durable Photosensitizer Suitable for Photodynamic Therapy.

Porphyrins have emerged as highly effective photosensitizers in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their high singlet oxygen generation efficiency. However, most porphyrin derivatives do not have adequate water solubility and cell membrane permeability suitable for use in PDT. In addition, they frequently suffer from low durability under photoirradiation.

Fulleride superconductivity tuned by elastic strain due to cation compositional disorder.

Dynamical fluctuations of the elastic strain in strongly correlated systems are known to affect the onset of metal-to-insulator or superconducting transitions. Here we report their effect on the properties of a family of bandwidth-controlled alkali-intercalated fullerene superconductors. We introduce elastic strain through static local structural disorder in a systematic and controllable way in the fcc-structured K Cs C (with potassium content, 0.

Lymphomatosis cerebri caused by adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma: a differential diagnosis for depression: a case report.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma is rare, and primary central nervous system T cell lymphoma is relatively uncommon, contributing to < 5% of all cases. Lymphomatosis cerebri, a rare subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma, is characterized by extensive white-matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and nonspecific symptoms, such as cognitive decline and depression. Reports of lymphomatosis cerebri in adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma are limited.

The Tumor Fraction Estimated by Rapid On-Site Evaluation Is Useful for Assessing the Suitability of Biopsy Specimens for Multiplex Genetic Testing.

Introduction: Multiplex genetic testing (MGT) has become the mainstream method for genetic mutation testing in the field of lung cancer treatment, but the suitability criteria for MGT biopsy specimens are stringent. Although rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is considered a useful method for obtaining the suitable biopsy specimens for MGT, no direct comparisons of ROSE and MGT are available. In this study, we first evaluated the accuracy of MGT and ROSE in our hospital.

Multi-wavelength second-harmonic generation in a double-clad high nonlinear fiber induced by multiple phase-matching.

In this study, multi-wavelength second-harmonic generation (SHG) based on self-phase modulation (SPM) broadband supercontinuum (SC) was observed by employing a double-clad high nonlinear optical fiber (HNLF) in conjunction with a femtosecond laser. At a wavelength of 1050 nm and an average pump power of 320 mW, multiple phase-matching conditions were achieved, and SH signals of central wavelengths ∼530.7 nm, ∼525.

Dynamics of the neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio during lenvatinib treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lenvatinib is an approved therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved as frontline chemotherapies for HCC, and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been demonstrated to significantly affect HCC treatment. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with the TIME, and the dynamics of the NLR are associated with prognosis or treatment efficacy in various cancer types.

Widely tunable S-band ring-cavity Tm-doped fluorotellurite fiber laser.

Tm-doped fluorotellurite fibers (TDFTFs) are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. A 2.1 m long TDFTF is used as the gain medium, in which both ends of the TDFTF are connected to a short piece of a silica fiber by direct fusion splicing.

Intense emission at 605 nm from Pr-doped fluorotellurite glass fibers.

Pr-doped fluorotellurite glass fibers (PDFTFs) were fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. By using a 976/1400 nm dual-wavelength upconversion pump technique, an intense emission at 605 nm was obtained from a 6 cm long PDFTF, which was attributed to the transition D→ H of Pr ions. With an increase in power of the 1400 nm laser from ∼34 to ∼136 mW, the spectral bandwidth of the 605 nm emission decreased and the intensity of the 605 nm emission increased monotonically, indicating the generation of 605 nm amplified spontaneous emission (ASE).

Watt-level 815 nm lasing from Tm-doped fluorotellurite glass fibers.

Tm-doped fluorotellurite fibers based on TeO-BaF-YO(TBY) glasses were fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. By using an 81 cm-long Tm-doped fluorotellurite fiber as the gain medium and a 1400 / 1570 nm dual-wavelength pump technique, lasing at 815 nm was obtained for a threshold pump power of 629 mW at 1400 nm and a fixed pump power of 960 mW at 1570 nm. As the 1400 nm pump power is increased to 1803 mW, the obtained maximum output power was about 1616 mW.

Decaying dynamics of harmonic mode-locking in a SESAM-based mode-locked fiber laser.

The entire decaying dynamics of harmonic mode-locking (HML) are studied utilizing the dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) technique in a SESAM-based mode-locked fiber laser. It is unveiled that the harmonic solitons do not disappear directly, but undergo transitional processes from the higher-order HML to the lower-order HML and then to the fundamental mode-locking (FML), and finally vanish. The "big corner" can also exist in the decaying process rather than just in the buildup process of HML, and there is at least one "big corner" during the decaying process between the consecutive multi-pulsing states.

Multi-octave mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in tapered chalcogenide-glass rods.

We report on the experimental development of short-tapered chalcogenide-glass rods for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. Multi-octave spectral broadening of femtosecond laser pulses is demonstrated from 1.6 to 15.

Minocycline-Induced Hyperpigmentation: Importance of Early Diagnosis.

A 75-year-old woman on hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure due to polycystic kidney disease developed dark spots on her limbs. She had been treated for extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli bacteremia by a rectovaginal fistula and was on long-term oral minocycline (cumulative dose 45 g). Physical examination revealed dark patches on her forearms and lower legs but no trunk hyperpigmentation or visual impairment.

Over 50 W all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum laser.

Broadband supercontinuum laser sources in the mid-infrared region have attracted enormous interest and found significant applications in spectroscopy, imaging, sensing, defense, and security. Despite recent advances in mid-infrared supercontinuum laser sources using infrared fibers, the average power of those laser sources is limited to 10-watt-level, and further power scaling to over 50 W (or hundred-watt-level) remains a significant technological challenge. Here, we report an over 50 W all-fiber mid-infrared supercontinuum laser source with a spectral range from 1220 to 3740 nm, by using low loss (<0.

Numerical analysis of optical confinement in silica and tellurite multicore fibers for near-infrared image transportation.

We analyzed light confinement in circular step-index cores of tellurite and silica fibers through numerical calculations and also examined crosstalk between the fundamental modes of cores in multicore fibers. Our analysis showed that tellurite fibers have a pixel density about 2.2 times higher and a brightness about 1.

Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration for Duodenal Subepithelial Lesions Showing a Hypoechoic Mass on Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging.

Background/aims: For duodenal subepithelial lesions showing a hypoechoic mass on endoscopic ultrasound imaging, the utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and the frequency of histological types have not been the focus of previous literature. This study aimed to clarify this.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 22 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine-needle aspiration for duodenal subepithelial lesions with hypoechoic mass on endoscopic ultrasound.

Measuring the Electrical Resistivity of Liquid Iron to 1.4 Mbar.

We determined the electrical resistivity of liquid Fe to 135 GPa and 6680 K using a four-probe method in a diamond-anvil cell combined with two novel techniques: (i) enclosing a molten Fe in a sapphire capsule, and (ii) millisecond time-resolved simultaneous measurements of the resistance, x-ray diffraction, and temperature of instantaneously melted Fe. Our results show the minimal temperature dependence of the resistivity of liquid Fe and its anomalous resistivity decrease around 50 GPa, likely associated with a gradual magnetic transition, both in agreement with previous ab initio calculations.

An Imaging Feature Predicts Efficacy of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Systemic chemotherapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is approved for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is necessary to identify probable predictive biomarkers for chemotherapies. HCC with rim arterial-phase enhancement (APHE) has been linked to aggressive tumor activity.

High-grade Serous Carcinoma can Show Squamoid Morphology Mimicking True Squamous Differentiation.

Tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HG-SC) and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (EC) can show overlapping morphologic features, such as glandular and solid patterns. The differential diagnosis of these subtypes is thus sometimes difficult. The existence of "squamous differentiation" tends to lead to a diagnosis of EC rather than HG-SC.

Tumor‑infiltrating CD8 T cells as a biomarker for chemotherapy efficacy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib are approved frontline therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with advanced HCC continue to have a poor prognosis despite these therapeutic choices. Previous studies have reported CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to systemic chemotherapy.

Boosting Thermoelectric Performance in Epitaxial GeTe Film/Si by Domain Engineering and Point Defect Control.

This study demonstrates a simultaneous realization of ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric power factor in epitaxial GeTe thin films/Si substrates by a combination of the interface introduction by domain engineering and the suppression of Ge vacancy generation by point defect control. We formed epitaxial Te-poor GeTe thin films having low-angle grain boundaries with a misorientation angle close to 0° or twin interfaces with a misorientation angle close to 180°. The control of interfaces and point defects gave rise to ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of ∼0.

The miR-143/145 cluster induced by TGF-β1 suppresses Wilms' tumor 1 expression in cultured human podocytes.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 contributes to podocyte injury in various glomerular diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, probably at least in part by attenuating the expression of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1). However, the precise mechanisms remain to be defined. We performed miRNA microarray analysis in a human podocyte cell line cultured with TGF-β1 to examine the roles of miRNAs in podocyte damage.

Mechanical Compatibility between Mg(Sb,Bi) and MgAgSb in Thermoelectric Modules.

Thermoelectric (TE) modules are exposed to temperature gradients and repeated thermal cycles during their operation; therefore, mechanically robust n- and p-type legs are required to ensure their structural integrity. The difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the two legs of a TE module can cause stress buildup and the deterioration of performance with frequent thermal cycles. Recently, n-type MgSb and p-type MgAgSb have become two promising components of low-temperature TE modules because of to their high TE performance, nontoxicity, and abundance.