Recycling nanoparticles stabilized in water-in-CO2 microemulsions for catalytic hydrogenations.

Catalytic hydrogenations of olefins took place effectively in supercritical CO2 with Pd0 nanoparticles dispersed in the fluid phase using a water-in-CO2 microemulsion consisting of water, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a surfactant, and 1-octanol as a cosolvent. The hydrogenated products dissolved in supercritical CO2 can be separated from the octanol solution containing AOT microemulsions with Pd0 nanoparticles by phase separation (upper phase, supercritical CO2 with hydrogenated products; lower phase, 1-octanol containing AOT microemulsions with Pd0 nanoparticles) accompanied by reduction of CO2 pressure. After collecting the hydrogenated products by flowing the upper CO2 phase to a collection vessel, the Pd0 nanoparticles remaining in the lower phase can be redispersed into supercritical CO2 by pressurizing the system to a pressure where a homogeneous phase is attained.

Swelled plastics in supercritical CO2 as media for stabilization of metal nanoparticles and for catalytic hydrogenation.

Swelled plastics in supercritical carbon dioxide provide unique environments for stabilizing palladium and rhodium nanoparticles and for catalytic hydrogenation. Complete hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane can be achieved in 10 minutes using the plastic stabilized Rh nanoparticles at 50 degrees C in supercritical CO(2). High efficiency, reusability, and rapid separation of products are some advantages of the plastic stabilized metal nanoparticles for catalytic hydrogenation in supercritical CO(2).

Catalytic hydrogenation of arenes with rhodium nanoparticles in a water-in-supercritical CO2 microemulsion.

Rhodium nanoparticles dispersed by a CO2 microemulsion are effective catalysts for rapid hydrogenation of arenes in supercritical CO2.

Hydrogenation of olefins in supercritical CO(2) catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles in a water-in-CO(2) microemulsion.

Nanometer-sized metallic palladium particles can be synthesized by hydrogen reduction of Pd2+ ions dissolved in the water core of a water-in-CO2 microemulsion. The Pd nanoparticles, stabilized by the micromeulsion and uniformly dispersed in the supercritical fluid phase, are effective catalysts for hydrogenation of olefins. Examples of rapid and efficient hydrogenation of water-soluble and CO2-soluble olefins catalyzed by the Pd nanoparticles in supercritical CO2 are given.

Cross-reactivity of myelin basic protein-specific T cells with multiple microbial peptides: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction in TCR transgenic mice.

Activation of autoreactive T cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Cross-reactivity between microbial and self Ags (molecular mimicry) is one hypothesis that could explain the activation of autoreactive T cells. We have systematically examined this hypothesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using mice bearing exclusively myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells (designated T+ alpha-).

Nicotinamide and methionine reduce the liver toxic effect of methotrexate.

Methotrexate is widely used as a therapeutic agent in different diseases. This therapy is connected with various side effects, including liver toxicity. We have developed a mouse model to demonstrate the toxic effects of methotrexate: mice were given 50 mg/kg acetaminophen, which itself has no effect on the liver.

Enhancing the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide upon collagen II induced arthritis in mice using N-acetylcysteine.

We could show that both nicotinamide and N-acetylcysteine inhibit collagen induced arthritis in mice. In the present paper, using lower doses of each, we applied combinations of these two substances. We were able to confirm potentiating effects of these combinations.

Enhancement of the effect of methotrexate on collagen II induced arthritis in mice by nicotinamide.

Treatment with a combination of 10 mg/kg i.p. methotrexate and 100 mg/kg i.

Suppression of type II collagen-induced arthritis by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in mice.

1. The antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was tested in male DBA/1 hybrid mice suffering from type II collagen-induced arthritis. Parameters including the arthritis index and the phagocytic responses recorded by chemiluminescence in unseparated blood were used for the assessment of disease activity.

Protection from acetaminophen-induced liver damage by the synergistic action of low doses of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-inhibitor nicotinamide and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or the amino acid L-methionine.

1. An array of therapeutically used analgetic and antirheumatic drugs cause severe liver damage. The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of inhibitors of NAD-dependent adenoribosylation reactions and of antioxidants in analgesic-induced hepatic injury.

Synergistic effects of thalidomide and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition on type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

The present study investigates synergistic effects of the TNF-alpha inhibitor thalidomide and the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitor nicotinic acid amide (NAA) in male DBA/1 hybird mice suffering from type II collagen-induced arthritis. Parameters including the arthritis index, chemiluminescence and anti-collagen antibody titers were used for the assessment of disease activity: The disease courses demonstrated clearly an inhibitory effect of thalidomide. NAA inhibited established collagen arthritis in a dose-dependent manner.