Does sound symbolism need sound?: The role of articulatory movement in detecting iconicity between sound and meaninga).

Ever since de Saussure [Course in General Lingustics (Columbia University Press, 1916)], theorists of language have assumed that the relation between form and meaning of words is arbitrary. However, recently, a body of empirical research has established that language is embodied and contains iconicity. Sound symbolism, an intrinsic link language users perceive between word sound and properties of referents, is a representative example of iconicity in language and has offered profound insights into theories of language pertaining to language processing, language acquisition, and evolution.

Convergent and Scalable Second-Generation Synthesis of the Fully Functionalized HIJKLMN-Ring Segment of Caribbean Ciguatoxin C-CTX-1.

A highly convergent and scalable second-generation synthesis of the fully functionalized HIJKLMN-ring segment of Caribbean ciguatoxin C-CTX-1, the primary toxin responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic regions, has been accomplished. Key aspects of the synthetic approach include the efficient syntheses of the HI- and KLM-ring fragments on gram scales, a convergent fragment coupling toward the HIJKLM-ring skeleton based on the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling strategy, and optimized iron hydride-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer-mediated olefin coupling conditions for constructing the N-ring.

Examining children's verb learning in the United States and Japan: Do comparisons help?

Learning verbs is an important part of learning one's native language. Prior studies have shown that children younger than 5 years can have difficulty in learning and extending new verbs. The current study extended these studies by showing children multiple events that can be compared during learning, including Japanese- and English-speaking children.

Treatment of Alar Deformity After Cosmetic Surgery.

Background: Nasal alar deformity after cosmetic surgery, including nostril sill notching, alar flattening, and a shallow and indistinct alar-facial crease, commonly results from overresection. We developed revision methods for postoperative alar deformity, and applied them from 2016 to 2022 to the revision of 16 cases, consisting of 1 male and 15 female patients, with a median age of 28.5 years.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Anisotropic Proton Conduction in Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are known for their potential to exhibit anisotropic transport properties due to their layered structures. However, the anisotropic ion conduction of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been rarely explored. In this study, we investigated the anisotropic proton conduction along the in-plane and stacking directions of two analogs of undulating 2D MOFs: [Mn(salen)][Pt(CN)]·HO () and [Mn(salen)][PtI(CN)]·HO ().

Enhancing Performances of Enzyme/Metal-Organic Polyhedra Composites by Mixed-Protein Co-Immobilization.

Protein immobilization using water-soluble ionic metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) acting as porous spacers has recently been demonstrated as a potent strategy for the preparation of biocatalysts. In this article, we describe a mixed-protein approach to achieve biocomposites with adjustable enzyme contents and excellent immobilization efficiencies, in a systematic and well-controlled manner. Self-assembly of either cationic or anionic MOPs with bovine serum albumin or egg white lysozyme combined with enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, laccase or cytochrome c) led to solid-state catalysts with a high retention of enzyme activity.

Giant anisotropic thermal expansion of copper-cyanido flat layers with flexible copper nodes.

Flat layers are usually considered as structurally rigid motifs in two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this work, we demonstrate that a flat honeycomb-layer composed of distorted tri-coordinate copper ions bridged with cyanidos in (tetraethylammonium)Cu(CN) exhibits high in-plane flexibility. This resulted in an extremely large anisotropic 2D-thermal expansion.

Metal-organic framework/NbCT MXene composites for ultrasensitive detection of dopamine.

An easy, growth approach led to the formation of several composites of metal-organic framewoks and NbCT MXenes mixed intimately at the submicron scale. The high affinity of MXene surface for dopamine, enhanced by a nanostructuration induced by MOFs, resulted in superior sensing performances. The system exhibited good linearity over the 1-100 nM range, with an excellent limit of detection of 0.

Single coronary artery with aortic valve replacement followed by aortic root replacement due to endocarditis: A case report.

A woman with a single coronary artery underwent aortic valve replacement due to aortic stenosis. Two years later, she developed an aortic annular abscess around the right coronary cusp and non-coronary cusp. Significant adhesions to the right coronary artery (RCA) resulted from the abscess, making artery separation challenging, and raising concerns about potential future RCA stenosis.

Strongly Enhanced Polarization in a Ferroelectric Crystal by Conduction-Proton Flow.

Ion conductors comprising noncentrosymmetric frameworks have emerged as new functional materials. However, strongly correlated polarity functionality and ion transport have not been achieved. Herein, we report a ferroelectric proton conductor, KMnN(CN)·HO (), exhibiting the strong correlation between its polar skeleton and conductive ions that generate anomalous ferroelectricity via the proton-bias phenomenon.

Janus-Type Mixed-Valent Copper-Cyanido Honeycomb Layers.

The synthesis of Janus-type layers, which possess front and back sides that consist of different structures, remains a major challenge in the field of two-dimensional materials. In this study, two Janus-type layered coordination polymers, namely, Cu(NEtH)(NMeH·HO)Cu(CN) () and Cu(NMeH)(NMeH·HO)Cu(CN) (), were synthesized via a simple one-pot procedure using copper(II) nitrate and sodium cyanido in mixed solutions of dimethylamine and ethylamine. Uniquely, and were composed of cyanido-bridged neutral layers and exhibited a CuCu mixed-valent state.

Improved cerebral blood flow and hippocampal blood flow in stroke-free patients after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive dysfunction, even in stroke-free patients. We aimed to test the hypothesis that CBF and hippocampal blood flow (HBF), measured with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), improve after catheter ablation of AF to achieve sinus rhythm (SR).

Methods: A total of 84 stroke-free patients (63.

Efficient water-based purification of metal-organic polyhedra by centrifugal ultrafiltration.

An efficient water-based purification strategy for metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) using commercially available centrifugal ultrafiltration membranes was developed. Having a diameter above 3 nm, MOPs were almost fully retained by the filters, while free ligands and other impurities were washed away. MOP retention also enabled efficient counter-ion exchange.

Effect of cerebrospinal fluid area mask correction on I-FP-CIT SPECT images in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) area mask correction reduces the influence of low [I]-N-fluoropropyl-2b-carbomethoxy-3b-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (I-FP-CIT) accumulation in the volume of interest (VOI) by CSF area dilatation on the specific binding ratio (SBR) calculated using the Southampton method. We assessed the effect of CSF area mask correction on the SBR for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) characterized by CSF area dilatation.

Methods: We enrolled 25 patients with iNPH who were assessed using I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before shunt surgery or the tap test.

Water-Soluble Ionic Metal-Organic Polyhedra as a Versatile Platform for Enzyme Bio-immobilization.

Metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) can act as elementary structural units for the design of modular porous materials; however, their association with biological systems remains greatly restricted by their typically low stabilities and solubilities in water. Herein, we describe the preparation of novel MOPs bearing either anionic or cationic groups and exhibiting a high affinity for proteins. Simple mixing of the protein bovine serum albumin () and ionic MOP aqueous solutions resulted in the spontaneous formation of MOP-protein assemblies, in a colloidal state or as solid precipitates depending on the initial mixing ratio.

Syntactic Impairment Associated with Hypoperfusion in the Left Middle and Inferior Frontal Gyri after Right Cerebellar Hemorrhage.

Cerebellar injuries can cause syntax impairments. Cortical dysfunction due to cerebello-cerebral diaschisis is assumed to play a role in this phenomenon. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have repeatedly shown the activation of Broca's area in response to syntactic tasks.

The structure and modified properties of a self-dimerised Cu(II) inclusion complex in γ-cyclodextrins.

Inclusion structures incorporating more than one guest molecule are elusive because confinement alters their molecular properties. We report the solid-state characterization of an inclusion complex comprising two γ-cyclodextrins and two [Cu(2-pyridinemethanolate)(2-pyridinemethanol)]PF units. Quantum calculation reveals that occurs.

Quantification of myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve by N-NH PET/CT is not significantly affected by pixel size.

Purpose: Myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) are measurable by N-NH positron emission tomography (PET). MFR, which is the ratio of MBF under adenosine stress to MBF at rest, is prognostically valuable. The ASNC imaging guidelines/SNMMI procedure standards recommend using 2-3 mm pixels, and pixel size does differ between institutions.

Negative Thermal Expansion of Undulating Coordination Layers through Interlayer Interaction.

The negative thermal expansion (NTE) of solid-state materials is of significance in various fields, but a very rare phenomenon. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis for the anisotropic thermal expansion behavior of fifteen two-dimensional coordination polymers [M(salen)][M'(CN)(solvent)] (M = Mn, Fe; M' = MnN, ReN, Pt, Pt(I); = 0.18, 0.

A Headrest Made of Extruded Polystyrene Reduces the Influence of Attenuation Correction on Human Brain SPECT Images.

Previous reports suggest that a headrest made of carbon significantly influences cerebral blood flow in the anterior and posterior regions by image reconstruction and attenuation correction (AC). The present study aimed to develop a headrest that reduces the influence of the AC process on human brain SPECT. To validate the performance of a headrest made of extruded polystyrene (XPS), 10 healthy controls and 43 patients with cerebrovascular disease underwent Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT using a carbon headrest and an XPS headrest.

Vapor-Induced Conversion of a Centrosymmetric Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Crystal into a Proton-Conducting Second-Harmonic-Generation-Active Material.

Chemical responsivity in materials is essential to build systems with switchable functionalities. However, polarity-switchable materials are still rare because inducing a symmetry breaking of the crystal structure by adsorbing chemical species is difficult. In this study, we demonstrate that a molecular organic-inorganic hybrid crystal of (NEt)[MnN(CN)] () undergoes polarity switching induced by water vapor and transforms into a rare example of proton-conducting second-harmonic-generation-active material.