Structural basis of transcriptional regulation by UrtR in response to uric acid.

Uric acid (UA)-responsive transcriptional regulators (UrtRs), which belong to the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) superfamily, transcriptionally coordinate virulence and metabolism in bacteria by modulating interactions with operator DNA in response to UA. To elucidate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of UrtR, we structurally analyzed UrtR proteins, including PecS, MftR, and HucR, alone and in complex with UA or DNA. UrtR contains a dimerization domain (DD) and a winged helix-turn-helix domain (wHTHD) and forms a homodimer primarily via the DD, as observed for other MarR superfamily proteins.

VAC-CNN: A Visual Analytics System for Comparative Studies of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

The rapid development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in recent years has triggered significant breakthroughs in many machine learning (ML) applications. The ability to understand and compare various CNN models available is thus essential. The conventional approach with visualizing each model's quantitative features, such as classification accuracy and computational complexity, is not sufficient for a deeper understanding and comparison of the behaviors of different models.

A Deep Generative Model for Reordering Adjacency Matrices.

Depending on the node ordering, an adjacency matrix can highlight distinct characteristics of a graph. Deriving a "proper" node ordering is thus a critical step in visualizing a graph as an adjacency matrix. Users often try multiple matrix reorderings using different methods until they find one that meets the analysis goal.

Serum Peptide Immunoglobulin G Autoantibody Response in Patients with Different Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders.

Previous efforts to discover new surrogate markers for the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorders have shown inconsistent results; moreover, supporting evidence is scarce. The present study investigated the IgG autoantibody responses to various viral and autoantibodies-related peptides proposed to be related to CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders using the peptide microarray method. We customized a peptide microarray containing more than 2440 immobilized peptides representing human and viral autoantigens.

Urban green space and happiness in developed countries.

Unlabelled: Urban green space is thought to contribute to citizen happiness by promoting physical and mental health. Nevertheless, how urban green space and happiness are related across many countries with different socioeconomic conditions has not been explored. By measuring the urban green space score (UGS) from high-resolution satellite imagery of 90 global cities covering 179,168 km and 230 million people in 60 developed countries, we find that the amount of urban green space and GDP are correlated with a nation's happiness level.

Serum FAM19A5 in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Can it be a new biomarker representing clinical status?

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) targets astrocytes and elevates the levels of astrocyte-injury markers during attacks. FAM19A5, involved in reactive gliosis, is secreted by reactive astrocytes following central nervous system (CNS) damage.

Objective: To investigate the significance of serum FAM19A5 in patients with NMOSD.

A Deep Generative Model for Graph Layout.

Different layouts can characterize different aspects of the same graph. Finding a "good" layout of a graph is thus an important task for graph visualization. In practice, users often visualize a graph in multiple layouts by using different methods and varying parameter settings until they find a layout that best suits the purpose of the visualization.

Supporting Analysis of Dimensionality Reduction Results with Contrastive Learning.

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is frequently used for analyzing and visualizing high-dimensional data as it provides a good first glance of the data. However, to interpret the DR result for gaining useful insights from the data, it would take additional analysis effort such as identifying clusters and understanding their characteristics. While there are many automatic methods (e.

What Would a Graph Look Like in this Layout? A Machine Learning Approach to Large Graph Visualization.

Using different methods for laying out a graph can lead to very different visual appearances, with which the viewer perceives different information. Selecting a "good" layout method is thus important for visualizing a graph. The selection can be highly subjective and dependent on the given task.

A Study of Layout, Rendering, and Interaction Methods for Immersive Graph Visualization.

Information visualization has traditionally limited itself to 2D representations, primarily due to the prevalence of 2D displays and report formats. However, there has been a recent surge in popularity of consumer grade 3D displays and immersive head-mounted displays (HMDs). The ubiquity of such displays enables the possibility of immersive, stereoscopic visualization environments.

Effects of ramp slope on physiological characteristic and performance time of healthy adults propelling and pushing wheelchairs.

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of ramp slope (1:12, 1:10, 1:8, and 1:6) on physiological characteristics and performance times of wheelchair users and the performance times of caregivers to determine which slope would be the best for wheelchairs, in order to propose a ramp slope that incorporates a universal design. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Fifteen of these subjects also volunteered to participate as caregivers.

MBD6 is a direct target of Oct4 and controls the stemness and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells.

Argonaute 2 (Ago2) is a pivotal regulator of cell fate in adult stem cells. Its expression is significantly downregulated in late passages of cells, concomitant with a prominent increase in Ago2 cytosolic localization in single cells. Nuclear localization of Ago2 is crucial for the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hATSCs (human adipose tissue-derived stem cells), mediated by the specific binding of the regulatory regions of functional genes, which positively or negatively altered gene expression.

The influence of elastic modulus of base material on the marginal adaptation of direct composite restoration.

This study compared the marginal adaptation of direct composites under base materials with different elastic moduli. MOD cavities were prepared in 30 teeth. The cervical margin was placed 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in one side and 1 mm below the CEJ in dentin in the other.

Centroid neural network with a divergence measure for GPDF data clustering.

An unsupervised competitive neural network for efficient clustering of Gaussian probability density function (GPDF) data of continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMMs) is proposed in this paper. The proposed unsupervised competitive neural network, called the divergence-based centroid neural network (DCNN), employs the divergence measure as its distance measure and utilizes the statistical characteristics of observation densities in the HMM for speech recognition problems. While the conventional clustering algorithms used for the vector quantization (VQ) codebook design utilize only the mean values of the observation densities in the HMM, the proposed DCNN utilizes both the mean and the covariance values.