Distribution of Neurofilament in Peeled Internal Limiting Membrane.

Background And Objective: The aim was to study the distribution of neurofilament in peeled internal limiting membrane (ILM).

Patients And Methods: Prospective case study. Vitrectomy and ILM peeling were performed in patients with epiretinal membrane and macular hole.

Effects of Subcutaneous Methotrexate in Patients with Refractory Uveitis and Chorioretinitis.

Purpose: Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressive agent used to treat noninfectious inflammatory eye conditions and is generally administered orally for ocular inflammatory diseases. When used in rheumatological diseases, subcutaneous administration has been reported to show higher efficacy than oral administration. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous MTX in patients with refractory uveitis or choroiditis who did not respond to other immunosuppressive agents.

Korean Red Ginseng and Rb1 facilitate remyelination after cuprizone diet-induced demyelination.

Background: Demyelination has been observed in neurological disorders, motivating researchers to search for components for enhancing remyelination. Previously we found that Rb1, a major ginsenoside in Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), enhances myelin formation. However, it has not been studied whether Rb1 or KRG function in remyelination after demyelination .

Beneficial Effects of Fermentation of Red Chili Pepper Using . RPG-HL-0136 in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Red chili pepper is a beneficial natural spicy food that has antiobesity and antitype II diabetes effects, but it is not conducive to in-depth research as a dietary strategy to treat obesity. This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of red chili pepper, fermented with a novel RPG-HL-0136. LC-MS/MS analysis is conducted to detect the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, and no significant difference is observed between the nonfermented red chili pepper (NFP) (W/W) and the prepared RPG-HL-0136fermented chili mixture (LFP).

The Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer on Daily Intake of Low-Dose BaP in C57BL/6 for 60 Days.

Background: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a carcinogenic compound in contaminated foodstuffs. The effect of oral intake of the environmental carcinogen BaP under low doses and frequent exposure on a digestive system has not been thoroughly verified.

Methods: In this regard, this study was conducted to prove the toxicity effects of BaP on the stomach and colon tissue after exposure to C57BL/6 mouse (3 and 6 µg/kg) following daily oral administration for 60 days.

The effects of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components on oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Distinct facilitatory roles of the non-saponin and saponin fractions, and Rb1, in proliferation, differentiation and myelination.

Background: Abnormalities of myelin, which increases the efficiency of action potential conduction, are found in neurological disorders. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) demonstrates therapeutic efficacy against some of these conditions, however effects on oligodendrocyte (OL)s are not well known. Here, we examined the effects of KRG-derived components on development and protection of OL-lineage cells.

Prevalence and Progression of Stage 0 Macular Hole in Fellow Eyes of Patients with Idiopathic Full-thickness Macular Hole.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and progression of a stage 0 macular hole in the fellow eye of patients with an idiopathic full-thickness macular hole.

Methods: The fellow eyes of 189 patients who underwent idiopathic full-thickness macular hole surgery were examined by biomicroscopy and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A subset of 21 fellow eyes with a stage 0 macular hole was observed.

One-year outcomes of fixed-dosing Aflibercept therapy for pre treated and naive polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy patient.

Background: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a type of age-related macular degeneration that can cause permanent vision loss. The purpose of this paper was to report the one-year outcomes of fixed-dosing aflibercept therapy for the treatment of PCV.

Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, interventional case series study of 25 PCV patients; 12 pre-treated and 13 treatment-naïve patients.

Clinical outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral fixation of the intraocular lens with a suspension bridge method in eyes with aphakia or insufficient capsular support.

Purpose: To describe a modified technique of scleral fixation for intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and report the clinical outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral IOL fixation using the suspension bridge method.

Methods: This retrospective case series included 57 eyes (56 patients) of aphakia or phakic and pseudophakic eyes with insufficient capsular support that underwent IOL implantation or dislocated IOL repositioning with scleral fixation using the 'suspension bridge' method by a single surgeon between 1 July 2010 and 1 March 2019. Preoperative status, changes in visual acuity, refractive outcomes as spherical equivalent and related complications were assessed with a minimum follow-up of 3 months.

Extract Suppresses IFN-Gamma- and TNF-Alpha-Induced Proinflammatory Chemokine Production in HaCaT Cells via the Down-Regulation of NF-κB.

Pyropia yezoensis, a red alga, is popular and harvested a lot in East Asia and is famous for its medicinal properties attributable to its bioactive compounds including amino acids (porphyra-334 and shinorine, etc.), polysaccharides, phytosterols, and pigments, but its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the anti-AD effect of P.

Novel Findings of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy via Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To introduce novel findings of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review of 16 patients (16 eyes) with PCV. OCTA (Avanti RTVue XR) findings were evaluated and selected for analysis after agreement by two retina specialists .

Extract Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells via Down-Regulation of CREB Signaling Pathway.

(L.) Areschoug () is a species of littoral brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae. Only a few studies on the apoptotic, antiviral, and antioxidant properties of have been reported, and its inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis has not been studied.

Short-duration multiple-session subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577 nm) for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: results at 3 years.

Objectives: To review the 3-year follow-up results of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (SMYL) delivered by a short-duration multiple-session method for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: A total of 27 eyes from 27 patients with chronic CSC available for 3 years of follow-up were enrolled in this retrospective and interventional study. Patients were treated with 577-nm SMYL photocoagulation at a 15% duty cycle over multiple sessions, with low power ranging from 200 to 400 mW that was increased in 100 mW increments according to resolution of subretinal fluid at monthly follow-up.

Asia-Pacific Technology and Trend Survey 2016-2017.

Purpose: To report the results of a survey conducted among retina specialists in the Asia-Pacific region on real-life practice patterns in the management of vitreoretinal diseases.

Design: Prospective questionnaire-based study.

Methods: In 2016 and 2017, a link was sent to 1400 retinal specialists across the Asia-Pacific region by e-mail, which directed to a web-based questionnaire (Google forms or Survey Monkey) with secure confidential access.

N,N-disubstituted azines attenuate LPS-mediated neuroinflammation in microglia and neuronal apoptosis via inhibiting MAPK signaling pathways.

Background: Activated microglia interact with astrocytes and neuronal cells to induce neuroinflammation, which can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. To identify the most effective anti-neuroinflammatory agent, we designed and synthesized a family of 13 new azine derivatives and investigated their anti-neuroinflammatory activities in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells.

Results: Out of 13 derivatives, compound 3 [4,4'-(1E,1'E,3E,3'E)-3,3'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene) bis-(prop-1-ene-1-yl-3-ylidene) bis-(2-methoxyphenol)] exhibited excellent anti-neuroinflammatory activities (IC = 12.

Pharmacological use of a novel scaffold, anomeric N,N-diarylamino tetrahydropyran: molecular similarity search, chemocentric target profiling, and experimental evidence.

Rational drug design against a determined target (disease, pathway, or protein) is the main strategy in drug discovery. However, regardless of the main strategy, chemists really wonder how to maximize the utility of their new compounds by drug repositioning them as clinical drug candidates in drug discovery. In this study, we started our drug discovery "from curiosity in the chemical structure of a drug scaffold itself" rather than "for a specific target".

Eupatilin exerts neuroprotective effects in mice with transient focal cerebral ischemia by reducing microglial activation.

Microglial activation and its-driven neuroinflammation are characteristic pathogenetic features of neurodiseases, including focal cerebral ischemia. The Artemisia asiatica (Asteraceae) extract and its active component, eupatilin, are well-known to reduce inflammatory responses. But the therapeutic potential of eupatilin against focal cerebral ischemia is not known, along with its anti-inflammatory activities on activated microglia.

Wasabisides A-E, Lignan Glycosides from the Roots of Wasabia japonica.

Five new lignan glycosides, wasabisides A-E (1-5), and four known phenolic compounds (6-9), were isolated from the roots of Wasabia japonica. The chemical structures of the new compounds (1-5) were determined through spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. All isolated compounds (1-9) were evaluated for their potential neuroprotective effects through induction of nerve growth factor in C6 glioma cells, for their effects on nitric oxide levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine microglia BV2 cells, and for their cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and BT549).

High Dose Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Refractory Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is the first choice of treatment for age-related macular degeneration. However, quite a few eyes treated using conventional dose anti-VEGF (CDAV) have persistent pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on optical coherence tomography. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of high dose anti-VEGF (HDAV) for refractory PED.

Management of Acute Submacular Hemorrhage with Intravitreal Injection of Tenecteplase, Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Gas.

Purpose: To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with submacular hemorrhage after intravitreal injections of tenecteplase (TNK), anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and expansile gas.

Methods: This study was a retrospective clinical case series following 25 eyes of 25 patients. All patients received a triple injection using 0.

EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE FORMATION AFTER INTRAVITREAL AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL IMPLANTATION IN A RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA PATIENT.

Methods: A retrospective case report of a retinitis pigmentosa patient who underwent vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane after intravitreal autologous stem cell implantation.

Results: A 71-year-old female RP patient came to our clinic for ophthalmic evaluation after intravitreal autologous stem cell injection. Four months ago, she underwent intravitreal autologous stem cell injection for both eyes at another hospital.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Purpose: To report the characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) results.

Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional case series was conducted. Patients treated for PCV were evaluated with the OCTA system.