Effects of gallic acid and Zn, Cu, and Ni on antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis.

The effects of copper, nickel, and zinc and the potent antioxidant gallic acid on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki have been identified in this study. With metal exposure, all the enzyme activities have increased.

Synergistic effects of Zn, Cu, and Ni and Bacillus thuringiensis on the hemocyte count and the antioxidant activities of Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) larvae.

In nature, insects are constantly exposed to various environmental stressors. Heavy metals are one of the important factors of environmental pollution. Heavy metals can cause adverse effects on the growth rate and the survival of herbivores, as well as immune function.