High-harmonic spin-orbit angular momentum generation in crystalline solids preserving multiscale dynamical symmetry.

Symmetries essentially provide conservation rules in nonlinear light-matter interactions and facilitate control and understanding of photon conversion processes or electron dynamics. Since anisotropic solids have rich symmetries, they are strong candidates for controlling both optical micro- and macroscale structures, namely, spin angular momentum (circular polarization) and orbital angular momentum (spiral wavefront), respectively. Here, we show structured high-harmonic generation linked to the anisotropic symmetry of a solid.

A sedimentary DNA record of the Atacama Trench reveals biodiversity changes in the most productive marine ecosystem.

The hadopelagic environment remains highly understudied due to the inherent difficulties in sampling at these depths. The use of sediment environmental DNA (eDNA) can overcome some of these restrictions as settled and preserved DNA represent an archive of the biological communities. We use sediment eDNA to assess changes in the community within one of the world's most productive open-ocean ecosystems: the Atacama Trench.

Observation of Acoustically Induced Dressed States of Rare-Earth Ions.

Acoustically induced dressed states of long-lived erbium ions in a crystal are demonstrated. These states are formed by rapid modulation of two-level systems via strain induced by surface acoustic waves whose frequencies exceed the optical linewidth of the ion ensemble. Multiple sidebands and the reduction of their intensities appearing near the surface are evidence of a strong interaction between the acoustic waves and the ions.

Impact of salvage chemotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer.

Background: It is unclear witch regimen is optimal as salvage chemotherapy (SCT) after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (RM-HNC).

Methods: This study enrolled 109 patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) were compared between patients stratified by SCT regimen.

Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and benzotriazole UV stabilizers in the hadal amphipod .

The accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) were examined in the hadal amphipod caught from a near-land trench off the Japan island (9200 m). were collected from two distinct sites: one is located at the outlet of submarine canyons directly connected to land and the other is apart from the outlet and geographically isolated from the first site. The level of the PBDEs in at the canyon outlet (mean 219 ng/g lipid weight (l.

Optical-referenceless optical frequency counter with twelve-digit absolute accuracy.

A simpler and more accurate measurement of absolute optical frequencies (AOFs) is very important for optical communications and navigation systems. To date, an optical reference has been needed for measuring AOFs with twelve-digit accuracy because of the difficulty in measuring them directly. Here, we focus on an electro-optics-modulation comb that can bridge the vast frequency gap between photonics and electronics.

Operation at 1 MHz of 1.7-cycle multiple plate compression at 35-W average output power.

We generate 1.7-cycle and 35-µJ pulses at a 1-MHz repetition rate by using two-stage multiple plate continuum compression of Yb-laser pulses with 80-W average input power. By adjusting the plate positions with careful consideration of the thermal lensing effect due to the high average power, we compress the output pulse with a 184-fs initial duration to 5.

Predictive factors for dissection-free sentinel node micrometastases in early oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This sentinel node (SN) biopsy trial aimed to assess its effectiveness in identifying predictive factors of micrometastases and to determine whether elective neck dissection is necessary in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This retrospective study included 55 patients from three previous trials, with positive SNs. The relationship between the sizes of the metastatic focus and metastasis in non-sentinel node (NSN) was investigated.

Organic matter degradation causes enrichment of organic pollutants in hadal sediments.

Burial of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in deep-sea sediments contributes to 60% of their historical emissions. Yet, empirical data on their occurrence in the deep-ocean is scarce. Estimates of the deep-ocean POP sink are therefore uncertain.

Impact of tumor burden on survival in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (RM-HNC). However, many patients fail to benefit from the treatment. Previous studies have revealed that tumor burden predicts the efficacy of ICIs, but this association remains unclear for RM-HNC.

Imaging the snorkel effect during submerged germination in rice: Oxygen supply via the coleoptile triggers seminal root emergence underwater.

Submergence during germination impedes aerobic metabolisms and limits the growth of most higher plants. However, some wetland plants including rice can germinate under submerged conditions. It has long been hypothesized that the first elongating shoot tissue, the coleoptile, acts as a snorkel to acquire atmospheric oxygen (O) to initiate the first leaf elongation and seminal root emergence.

Low-noise optical measurement of sound using midfringe locked interferometer with differential detection.

A midfringe locked interferometer with differential detection is proposed for non-contact optical sound measurement, and the equivalent noise level of approximately 0 dB SPL/Hz is achieved. The noise level of the proposed method is 30 dB lower than that of a very recent laser Doppler vibrometer and close to that of a quarter-inch measurement microphone. The midfringe locking stabilizes the optical interferometer against slow environmental fluctuations and enables detection of the acoustic signal directly from optical intensity.

Novel Prognostic Score for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients treated with Nivolumab.

Although several prognostic factors in nivolumab therapy have been reported in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (RM-HNC) patients, these factors remain controversial. Here, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of clinico-hematological factors on survival in RM-HNC patients treated with nivolumab. We reviewed 126 RM-HNC patients from seven institutes.

Long-term efficacy of weekly paclitaxel therapy in unresectable primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. Because of its rarity, there is no established therapeutic regimen in unresectable cases. We report a case of PSCCT treated with weekly paclitaxel (wPTX) for more than 2 years.

High mercury accumulation in deep-ocean hadal sediments.

Ocean sediments are the largest sink for mercury (Hg) sequestration and hence an important part of the global Hg cycle. Yet accepted global average Hg flux data for deep-ocean sediments (> 200 m depth) are not based on measurements on sediments but are inferred from sinking particulates. Mercury fluxes have never been reported from the deepest zone, the hadal (> 6 km depth).

Large-scale experiment to assess the collision impact force from a tsunami wave on a drifting castaway.

Although most fatalities in tsunami-related disasters are conjectured to be a result of drowning, injury risk owing to collision with other floating debris or fixed buildings has not been studied sufficiently. In this study, the impact force corresponding to the collision of a concrete block and drifting test body in a tsunami wave was experimentally investigated, and the injury risk was evaluated in terms of different biomechanical indexes; specifically, maximum acceleration, head injury criterion, and impact force. The injury risk indicated by the considered indexes was reasonably low.

Discovery of a colossal slickhead (Alepocephaliformes: Alepocephalidae): an active-swimming top predator in the deep waters of Suruga Bay, Japan.

A novel species of the family Alepocephalidae (slickheads), Narcetes shonanmaruae, is described based on four specimens collected at depths greater than 2171 m in Suruga Bay, Japan. Compared to other alepocephalids, this species is colossal (reaching ca. 140 cm in total length and 25 kg in body weight) and possesses a unique combination of morphological characters comprising anal fin entirely behind the dorsal fin, multiserial teeth on jaws, more scale rows than congeners, precaudal vertebrae less than 30, seven branchiostegal rays, two epurals, and head smaller than those of relatives.

Radiation Exposure of Medical Staff Conducting Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging.

: The myocardial perfusion stress conducted by physicians and nurses requires two imaging sessions, one during stress and the other during rest. Echocardiography is sometimes performed before delayed imaging, and medical laboratory technicians (MLTs) have similar exposure in such cases. This study was designed to investigate the radiation exposure of physicians, nurses, radiologists, and MLTs involved in thallium-201 chloride (TlCl) stress myocardial perfusion imaging and echocardiography, the details of which have not been reported to date.

Experimental neoichnology of post-autotomy arm movements of sea lilies and possible evidence of thrashing behaviour in Triassic holocrinids.

Echinoderms exhibit remarkable powers of autotomy. For instance, crinoids can shed arm and stalk portions when attacked by predators. In some species, it has been reported that the autotomized arms display vigorous movements, which are thought to divert the attention of predators.

Spatially resolved spectral phase interferometry with an isolated attosecond pulse.

We demonstrate spatially resolved supercontinuum spectral phase interferometry with an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP). The measured spatial-spectral interferogram over the broadband region indicates a high degree of IAP coherence in both spatial and spectral domains. In addition, the spectral-delay interferogram shows periodic temporal oscillations over the full IAP continuous spectrum, which indicates high temporal coherence.