Comparison of different puncture needles used for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy of Gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (≤ 2 cm) with respect to the adequacy of specimen collection: study protocol for a multicenter randomized prospective trial.

Background: Gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (SELs) range from benign to malignant. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is used widely for pathological diagnosis of SELs. Early diagnosis and treatment are important because all Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have some degree of malignant potential.

Real-World Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness of Nintedanib in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Final Report of Post-marketing Surveillance in Japan.

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterised by progressive worsening of dyspnoea and lung function. Nintedanib treatment is recommended to slow IPF disease progression. The aim of this post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of nintedanib over 24 months in patients with IPF in a real-world setting in Japan.

Evaluation of the COVID-19 diagnostic performance of Rapiim SARS-CoV-2-H, the highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2 antigen qualitative test kit.

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of Rapiim SARS-CoV-2-H (Rapiim-H)-a point-of-care qualitative antigen test-using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saliva samples and compared its results with those from antigen quantification and nucleic acid amplification tests. NPS and saliva were collected from patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In total, 142 NPS and saliva samples were collected.

Interstitial lung disease associated with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase syndrome: quantitative evaluation of CT after initial treatment and long-term follow-up.

Background: Visual evaluation of interstitial lung disease (ILD)-related changes can generate intra- and inter-observer errors. However, recent deep learning (DL) algorithm advances have facilitated accurate lung segmentation, lesion characterization, and quantification.

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment response and long-term course in ILD associated with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase syndrome (anti-ARS ILD) using a DL algorithm.

Evaluation of Progressive Architectural Distortion in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Deformable Registration of Sequential CT Images.

Background: Monitoring the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using CT primarily focuses on assessing the extent of fibrotic lesions, without considering the distortion of lung architecture.

Objectives: To evaluate three-dimensional average displacement (3D-AD) quantification of lung structures using deformable registration of serial CT images as a parameter of local lung architectural distortion and predictor of IPF prognosis.

Materials And Methods: Patients with IPF evaluated between January 2016 and March 2017 who had undergone CT at least twice were retrospectively included ( = 114).

Nonfibrotic (cellular) hypersensitivity pneumonitis with and without slight lung distortion.

Background: According to international diagnostic guidelines for hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), cases with both nonfibrotic and fibrotic lesions are classified by the predominant feature. Therefore, some cases with nonfibrotic HP, have inflammatory lesions alone, while others have a mixture of fibrosis and inflammation. We investigated the impact of slight fibrotic lesions in nonfibrotic HP.

Proposed Clinical Algorithm for Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (PPFE).

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is characterized by fibrosis involving the pleura and subpleural lung parenchyma, predominantly in the upper lobes. As PPFE appears to occur in patients with heterogeneous etiologies, the disease course is thus also heterogenous, with some patients showing rapid progression while others have slow progression. Therefore, it is very difficult to predict prognosis with PPFE.

A case of sialadenitis observed as an irAE of atezolizumab: A case report.

Various symptoms emerge as immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). A 73-year-old woman, a non-smoker, receiving chemotherapy including atezolizumab for lung adenocarcinoma, presented with fever, bilateral parotid swelling and sicca syndrome after four courses of chemotherapy. Because the lesions were not localized, the diagnosis was ICI-related sialadenitis rather than infectious.

Trapped Lung as a Sequela of Dramatic Tumor Shrinkage of Lung Cancer.

Herein, we report a case of 72-year-old man who had L858R EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Chest computed tomography revealed a large lung mass that had completely replaced the right upper lobe. Although the mass dramatically shrank after initiating chemotherapy, non-malignant pleural effusion appeared.

Correlation of CT-based radiomics analysis with pathological cellular infiltration in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.

Purpose: We aimed to identify computed tomography (CT) radiomics features that are associated with cellular infiltration and construct CT radiomics models predictive of cellular infiltration in patients with fibrotic ILD.

Materials And Methods: CT images of patients with ILD who underwent surgical lung biopsy (SLB) were analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted using artificial intelligence-based software and PyRadiomics.

Early Onset of Severe Interstitial Pneumonitis Associated With Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Antibody After Pleurodesis.

We present a case of lung adenocarcinoma with malignant pleural effusion. Nineteen days after pleurodesis using minocycline and OK-432 (picibanil), pembrolizumab monotherapy was initiated. Four days later, the patient experienced a persistent cough.

Pamrevlumab for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The ZEPHYRUS-1 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Current treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis slow the rate of lung function decline, but may be associated with adverse events that affect medication adherence. In phase 2 trials, pamrevlumab (a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits connective tissue growth factor activity) attenuated the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis without substantial adverse events.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of pamrevlumab for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Compatible with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis on high-resolution computed tomography: from the ATS/JRS/ALAT 2020 hypersensitivity pneumonitis guidelines.

Background: In compatible with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) of the computed tomography (CT) classification using the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS)/Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) HP guidelines, the lung fibrosis pattern was classified as either a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or a diffuse ground-glass opacity (GGO) pattern with subtle fibrosis. We investigated whether patients with the same imaging classification had different disease progression. We also attempted to reclassify these patients using the CHEST HP guidelines.

Treatment Strategies for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Comorbid Respiratory Disease; Interstitial Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Tuberculosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are often complicated by other respiratory diseases, including interstitial pneumonia (IP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and the management of which can be problematic. NSCLC patients with IP sometimes develop fatal acute exacerbation induced by pharmacotherapy, and the establishment of a safe treatment strategy is desirable. For advanced NSCLC with IP, carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel is a relatively safe and effective first-line treatment option.

Acute exacerbation predicting poor outcomes in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and advanced lung cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Effective treatment for advanced lung cancer and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) remains an unmet medical need. The relationship between chemotherapy's effectiveness in advanced lung cancer and the risk of acute exacerbation of IIP is poorly investigated. There is limited evidence that patients who experience an acute exacerbation of IIPs during cytotoxic chemotherapy have poorer outcomes than those who do not.

The effect of nintedanib on health-related quality of life in Japanese patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: A subset analysis of the INBUILD trial.

Background: In previous Japanese subgroup/subset analyses of the global INBUILD trial, nintedanib reduced the annual rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline and the risk of disease progression in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILDs). This exploratory subset analysis assessed the effect of nintedanib on symptoms and impacts of pulmonary fibrosis in Japanese patients with PF-ILDs, including those with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)-like fibrotic pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).

Methods: This analysis included Japanese patients who received at least one dose of study treatment in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled INBUILD trial.

Pulmonary function and chest CT abnormalities 3 months after discharge from COVID-19, 2020-2021: A nation-wide multicenter prospective cohort study from the Japanese respiratory society.

Background: No comprehensive analysis of the pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan based on respiratory function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) has been reported. We evaluated post-COVID-19 conditions, especially focusing on pulmonary sequelae assessed by pulmonary function tests and chest CT.

Methods: For this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 1069 patients who presented pneumonia at the time of admission in 55 hospitals from February 2020 to September 2021.