SD-Bioline malaria rapid diagnostic test performance and time to become negative after treatment of malaria infection in Southwest Nigerian Children.

Context And Aim: Given the challenges of microscopy, we compared its performance with SD-Bioline malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and evaluated the time it took for positive results to become negative after treatment of children with acute uncomplicated malaria.

Subjects And Methods: We present the report of 485 participants with complete MRDT, microscopy, and PCR data out of 511 febrile children aged 3-59 months who participated in a cohort study over a 12-month period in rural and urban areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. MRDT-positive children received antimalaria and tested at every visit over 28 days.

Bio-sorptive remediation of crude oil polluted sea water using plantain () leaves as bio-based sorbent: Parametric optimization by Taguchi technique, equilibrium isotherm and kinetic modelling studies.

This study investigated the potential of employing plantain leaves as a natural bio-based sorbent for crude oil spill polluted seawater remediation. Type L(3) Taguchi orthogonal array technique was used to evaluate the effect of four independent bio-sorption factors at three different levels (crude oil initial concentration (X 7.8, 11.

Zirconium ferrite incorporated zeolitic imidazolate framework-8: a suitable photocatalyst for degradation of dopamine and sulfamethoxazole in aqueous solution.

The complete removal of pharmaceutical wastes from polluted water systems is a global challenge. Therefore, this study incorporates zirconium ferrite (ZrFeO) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to form ZrFeO@ZIF-8. The ZrFeO@ZIF-8 is a photocatalyst for removing dopamine (DOP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from an aqueous solution.

Electrocardiographic features in children with severe falciparum malaria at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Introduction: The high burden of Malaria morbidity and mortality in children is due to its potential to cause multi-organ dysfunction. There is however limited information on the specific electrocardiographic features in falciparum malaria in paediatric age group.

Aim: To investigate the electrocardiographic (ECG) features in children with (complicated) severe malaria (SM) and acute uncomplicated malaria (AUM) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Experimental evaluation of the influence of combined particle size pretreatment and FeO additive on fuel yields of shells.

A smart energy recovery process can achieve maximum energy recovery from organic wastes. Pretreatment of feedstock is essential to biogas and methane yields during the anaerobic digestion process. This work combined particle size reduction with FeO nanoparticles to investigate their influence on biogas and methane yields from anaerobic digestion of shells.

Non-Malaria Causes of Fever among under-5 Children with Negative Results for Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in South-Western Nigeria.

Background: Although the global malaria burden is decreasing, there are still concerns about overdiagnosis of malaria and the danger of misdiagnosis of non-malaria causes of fever. Clinicians continue to face the challenge of differentiating between these causes despite the introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs).

Aim: To determine the prevalence and causes of non-malaria-caused fever in children in South-Western Nigeria.

Modelling the effects of particle size pretreatment method on biogas yield of groundnut shells.

Optimising biogas yields from anaerobic digestion of organic wastes is significant to maximum energy recovery in the biodigestion process and has become an important topic of interest. Substrate particle size is an important process parameter in biogas production, and it precedes other pretreatments methods for the majority of the lignocellulose materials. Optimisation of biogas yield using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was done, and temperature, hydraulic retention time and particle size were considered variables to develop the predictive models.

Optimization of biogas yield from lignocellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods: a review.

Population increase and industrialization has resulted in high energy demand and consumptions, and presently, fossil fuels are the major source of staple energy, supplying 80% of the entire consumption. This has contributed immensely to the greenhouse gas emission and leading to global warming, and as a result of this, there is a tremendous urgency to investigate and improve fresh and renewable energy sources worldwide. One of such renewable energy sources is biogas that is generated by anaerobic fermentation that uses different wastes such as agricultural residues, animal manure, and other organic wastes.

Comparative evaluation of three histidine-rich Protein-2 based rapid diagnostic tests, microscopy and PCR for guiding malaria treatment in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) are the preferred option for programmatic deployment.

Aims: There are numerous mRDTs on the Nigerian market and there is a need to guide practitioners on the relative performance of the commonly used brands of mRDT in Nigeria.

Subjects And Methods: The performance of three commonly used Histidine-Rich-Protein-2-based mRDTs (SD-Bioline™, Carestart™ and Paracheck-Pf™) against microscopy of Giemsa stained blood and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated among 190 febrile under-5 children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Clinical Scoring Scheme in Childhood Heart Failure.

Background: Heart failure remains a major health problem. But its early diagnosis remains a significant challenge especially among the Paediatric population. A standardized highly sensitive and specific clinical basis of diagnosis requiring no sophisticated equipment readily elicitable at the patients beside at presentation is required.

Consequences of restricting antimalarial drugs to rapid diagnostic test-positive febrile children in south-west Nigeria.

Objectives: To investigate the consequence of restricting antimalarial treatment to febrile children that test positive to a malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) only in an area of intense malaria transmission.

Methods: Febrile children aged 3-59 months were screened with an MRDT at health facilities in south-west Nigeria. MRDT-positive children received artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ), while MRDT-negative children were treated based on the clinical diagnosis of non-malaria febrile illness.

Steroid response in primary childhood nephrotic syndrome in a tropical african environment.

Background: Earlier studies on childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) in tropical Africa showed steroid resistance in the majority. More recent studies show a variable picture, necessitating a re-evaluation. This study was aimed at determining the current pattern of steroid response in childhood NS, in an environment known to be dominated by steroid resistance.

Congenital Heart Defects in Nigerian Children: Preliminary Data From the National Pediatric Cardiac Registry.

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common birth defects with significant impact on morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare regional patterns of CHDs in Nigeria using a registry-based approach.

Methods: Children with echocardiography-confirmed CHDs at 17 medical centers across the country were enrolled in a pilot National Pediatric Cardiac Registry from January to December 2014.

Audit of availability and distribution of paediatric cardiology services and facilities in Nigeria.

Background: Paediatric cardiac services in Nigeria have been perceived to be inadequate but no formal documentation of availability and distribution of facilities and services has been done.

Objective: To evaluate and document the currently available paediatric cardiac services in Nigeria.

Methods: In this questionnaire-based, cross-sectional descriptive study, an audit was undertaken from January 2010 to December 2014, of the personnel and infrastructure, with their distributions according to geopolitical zones of Nigeria.

Meningitis and brain abscess: First but fatal presentation in a child with tetralogy of fallot.

Brain abscess is a known complication of cyanotic congenital heart diseases. We report the case of a four-year-old girl whose first presentation in the hospital was because of symptoms referable to the neurological system. These symptoms are similar to those seen in cerebral malaria as well as other infections of the central nervous system, e.

Acquired ventricular septal defect: a rare sequel of blunt chest trauma in a 7-year-old boy.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital cardiac lesion encountered worldwide. Only very rarely is it acquired, and causation through blunt injury in a child is extremely rare. A previously healthy 7-year-old boy suffered blunt chest trauma while at play.

Evaluation of the comparative efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine and artesunate-amodiaquine-chlorpheniramine (Artemoclo™) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Nigerian children.

Objective: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artesunate-amodiaquine-chlorpheniramine (AQC) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria among Southwest Nigerian children.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred and sixty children aged 6 months to 14 years with acute uncomplicated malaria were randomized to AL (n = 53), ASAQ (n = 53), or AQC (n = 54). Enrollees were seen daily on days 0-3 and then on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 for clinical and parasitological evaluations.

An evaluation of school health services in Sagamu, Nigeria.

Context: School health services (SHS) have been shown to be suboptimal in Nigeria. The paucity of data on the status of SHS in Sagamu makes it even more challenging for instituting corrective action.

Aim: To evaluate SHS in public and private schools in Sagamu.

Paediatric end-stage renal disease in a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria.

Background: Children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in sub-Saharan Africa may have the worst outcomes globally. Barriers to management include late presentation, poor socioeconomic conditions, absence of medical insurance, limited diagnostic facilities and non-availability of chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT). Our study was to determine the incidence, aetiology, management and outcomes of paediatric ESRD in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect without on-site surgical backup: a two-year experience in an African community.

Congenital heart disease contributes significantly to the health burden of children in Nigeria. Interventions for congenital heart disease have been available in the developed world since the first report on device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 1967 by Porstmann. However, this did not start in Nigeria until October 2010.

Incidence and characteristics of injuries during the 2011 West Africa Football Union (WAFU) Nations' Cup.

Background: Prospective studies on football injuries and their risk factors in the African setting are sparse. Such studies are needed to understand the peculiarities of injuries and hence proffer appropriate intervention for injury prevention in the region.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of match injuries during the 2011 West Africa Football Union (WAFU) cup.

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: report of the first case in Nigeria.

Background: Since the first report on device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by Porstmann et al in 1967, the procedure has gained wide acceptance and has been used all over the world, including parts of Africa. The advantages when compared to surgical closure include shorter procedure time and hospital stay and no scar being left. This mode of treatment was not available in Nigeria prior to this with patients having to travel abroad to benefit.

Kidney disease in hospitalised HIV positive children in Ibadan, south west Nigeria.

Background: There is a paucity of data on the clinicopathologic pattern of kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive children from sub-Saharan Africa and non from south west Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the clinical pattern and outcome of kidney disease among HIV positive children hospitalised at a tertiary hospital South West Nigeria

Methodology: A retrospective study of all HIV positive children who were hospitalised and managed for kidney diseases over a period of 78 months at the University College Hospital Ibadan, South West Nigeria. Patients were followed up over the duration of hospital admission.

Routine Electrocardiography Request in Adenoidectomy: Is it necessary?

To evaluate the relevance of routine electrocardiographic request in pre-operative work-up of children undergoing adenoidectomy. This is a two year prospective study of children with obstructive adenoid that had adenoidectomy. This is a tertiary hospital based study at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of University College Hospital, Ibadan.