Waiting Times in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Ten-Year Experience in A Nigerian Teaching Hospital.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is still the leading male cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths in Nigeria, and other low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Early diagnosis is essential to ensuring prompt treatment and reducing morbidity and mortality. Reducing the waiting times for diagnosis and treatment is therefore important.

Serum Vitamin D Deficiency and Male Infertility: A Relationship?

Background Male infertility is one of the major reproductive health concerns, causing a lot of distress for couples globally. Others have looked into its connection to vitamin D deficiency, but their findings are conflicting. Aim This study aimed to determine the relationship between male infertility and vitamin D deficiency among Nigerians.

Predictive Value of Transrectal Ultrasonic Doppler and Elastographic Features in Prostate Cancer Detection in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Introduction: This study aimed at determining the predictive value (PV) of transrectal ultrasonic Doppler and elastographic features in prostate cancer (PCa) detection among patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study involved patients that underwent evaluation for PCa. Participants had digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay, and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy using colour Doppler (CD) and elastography.

Urethral length and its relationship with anthropometric parameters in adult male Nigerians.

Background: The available literature on urethral length in adult males is limited. To the best of our knowledge, such measurement has never been carried out amongst Nigerian and African men. This study aimed to document average urethral length as well as the relationship between urethral length and age, and anthropometric parameters amongst the Nigerian male adult population to add to the database for urethral length.

A comparison of loupe-assisted and non-loupe-assisted subinguinal varicocelectomy.

Introduction: Varicocele is a treatable aetiology of male infertility. Magnification with surgical loupe has been associated with improved outcome and reduced morbidity than the conventional technique without magnification.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of two techniques of subinguinal varicocelectomy, with a surgical loupe and without.

Correlation between bladder wall thickness and uroflowmetry in West African patients with benign prostatic enlargement.

Background: Pressure flow urodynamic study remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction; however, their use is limited by their relative unavailability in our environment, cost, and invasiveness. Measurement of bladder wall thickness (BWT) by transabdominal ultrasonography is a promising tool that can be used to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction in our environment where pressure-flow urodynamic study is not readily available.

Objective: The study aimed to correlate BWT with uroflowmetry and to establish a BWT cut-off in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic enlargement.

Urinary Catheter Documentation in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: Are We Recording Enough?

Background: Urinary catheters are an important armamentarium of urologic practice. Several indications for their use exist. A good knowledge of the details surrounding every urinary catheter inserted is necessary for the proper management of the patients.

Risk Stratification for Lung Cancer Patients.

A comprehensive review of relevant clinical literature on evidence-based recommendations and existing prediction models specific to lung cancer surgery was undertaken. Preoperative risk assessment parameters such as pulmonary function tests (PFT), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), Brunelli models, Thoracoscore and frailty were analyzed for predicting postoperative risk of complications. When assessing fitness for surgery, the primarily used PFT parameters such as predictive postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO ) showed conflicting evidence in determining a positive correlation with postoperative mortality.

Analysis of 87 Nephrectomies in a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Nigeria.

Background: Nephrectomy is one of the most frequently performed operations on the kidney. It is necessary for treatment of malignant as well as some benign renal conditions.

Methodology: This was a five-year retrospective review of all adult patients who had open nephrectomy in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between January 2014, and December 2019.

Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate using water as the irrigation fluid: Our initial experience.

Background: Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) has been the gold standard of surgical intervention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with the indication for surgery. This can be achieved using varieties of irrigation fluids.

Objectives: To document our experience with M-TURP using water as irrigation fluid in 123 consecutive patients.

Urologic Day Case Surgery at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A 5-Year Experience.

Background: Nowadays, the practice of day case surgery (DCS) is an attractive and appealing one with widespread acceptability because of numerous benefits.

Aim: This study aimed at presenting our experience with urologic DCS in a tertiary healthcare center.

Patients And Methods: A 5-year review of all day-case urologic surgeries at our tertiary healthcare center was carried out.

COVID-19 and congenital heart disease: an insight of pathophysiology and associated risks.

Objective: We aimed to examine the literature to determine if both paediatric and adult patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at a higher risk of poor outcomes if they have the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), compared to those without CHD.

Methods: A systematic review was executed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. To identify articles related to COVID-19 and CHD, an extensive literature search was performed on EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, and Global Health databases using keywords and MeSH terms.

Survey of prostate biopsy practices among urologists in Nigeria.

Background: Prostate biopsy (PB) is one of the most commonly performed procedures by urologists in our practice. It is the confirmatory diagnosis of the most common malignancy in elderly men. Currently, there is no national guideline on PB in Nigeria; hence, practices vary among urologists and institutions.

The regulation and signalling of anti-Müllerian hormone in human granulosa cells: relevance to polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Question: What prevents the fall in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and what are the consequences of this for follicle progression in these ovaries?

Summary Answer: Exposure of granulosa cells (GCs) to high levels of androgens, equivalent to that found in PCOS, prevented the fall in AMH and was associated with dysregulated AMH-SMAD signalling leading to stalled follicle progression in PCOS.

What Is Known Already: In normal ovaries, AMH exerts an inhibitory role on antral follicle development and a fall in AMH levels is a prerequisite for ovulation. Levels of AMH are high in PCOS, contributing to the dysregulated follicle growth that is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in these women.

Endoscopic Management of Ureteric Stones: Our Initial Experience.

Aims: The aim of this study is to present our initial experience with intracorporeal pneumatic ureterolithotripsy highlighting the pattern of patients' clinical presentation, techniques, and limitation of the procedure.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of cases of ureteric stones managed over a period of 18 months in a private hospital. Data obtained include patients' sociodemography, clinical presentation, stone burden, procedural technique, complication, and need for a secondary procedure.

Combined intrarectal lidocaine gel and periprostatic nerve block: A 'balanced' anaesthesia for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy?

Background And Aim: Periprostatic nerve block (PNB) which appears to be the gold standard for pain relief during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate (TrusP) biopsy has been proven to be lacking in providing satisfactory anaesthesia during transrectal ultrasound (Trus) probe insertion into the anorectum necessitating the addition of another technique to produce a 'balanced' anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine whether combined intrarectal lidocaine gel and periprostatic nerve block (cGPNB) will provide adequate anaesthesia at all stages of TrusP compared with caudal block (CB).

Patients And Methods: Data were prospectively collected from patients with indications for TrusP who were randomly assigned to either cGPNB (Group A) or CB (Group B).

Transabdominal repair of vesicovaginal fistulae: A 10-year tertiary care hospital experience in Nigeria.

Background: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is still a major cause for concern in many developing countries. Arguments continue as to the best approach for repair. This study aimed to present our experience with transabdominal VVF repair.

Bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy versus bilateral total orchiectomy: Comparison of the quality of life post-orchiectomy.

Objective: Bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy (BSO) is said to be more aesthetic and psychologically satisfying when compared to bilateral total orchiectomy (BTO). This study compared the quality of life (QoL) of men with advanced prostate cancer who had BTO to those who had BSO, with an emphasis on their perception of self or identity as a man.

Subjects And Methods: Sixty-one patients with advanced prostate cancer opting for bilateral orchiectomy were recruited.

The role of transrectal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: Sextant versus extended protocol.

Aim And Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the prostate cancer detection rates of sextant and extended transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) protocols.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of 96 patients investigated for prostate cancer. An extended 10-aspiration TRUS-guided FNAB using a 22G Echotip Chiba needle was performed.

Short-term Effect of Tamsulosin and Finasteride Monotherapy and their Combination on Nigerian Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of tamsulosin and finasteride monotherapies, and their combination in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective single-blind randomized study of ninety men with BPH who were managed using drugs. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak urinary flow rate, and prostate volume were measured as parameters for assessment at the beginning, 3 months, and 6 months of the study.

Research experience of resident doctors who attended research methodology courses of the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria.

Introduction: For over three decades, the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN) has been vested with the responsibility of overseeing postgraduate medical training. The main objective of this study was to assess the residents' perception of research as well as challenges faced in pursing seamless research during their training.

Materials And Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey in 2013.

Condyloma acuminata of the bladder in benign prostatic obstruction: Case report and review of literature.

Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a warty lesion caused by the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus that most commonly affects external genitalia and mucocutaneous junctions. Involvement of the urinary tract (UT) is rare. Anogenital CA is considered a predisposition for urethral and subsequently bladder involvement.

Clinico-pathological Correlation of Digital Rectal Examination Findings Amongst Nigerian Men with Prostatic Diseases: A Prospective Study of 236 Cases.

Aims And Objective: This study aims at correlating different digital rectal examination (DRE) abnormalities with histopathological results in patients with prostatic diseases.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study of 236 patients who underwent prostate needle biopsy (PNB). Inclusion criteria were presence of abnormal DRE findings or elevated prostate specific antigen above 4 ng/ml or both.

An evaluation of usefulness of prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in an unscreened population:experience in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) in the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate (CaP) amongst unscreened patients.

Patients, Materials And Methods: A prospective study 168 unscreened men who were referred for evaluation for CaP. They all had a 10-core extended transrectal prostatic needle biopsy using size 16 Tru Cut needle for either an elevated serum total PSA of > 4 ng/ml or abnormal DRE findings or both.