Therapeutic Applications of Rosmarinic Acid in Cancer-Chemotherapy-Associated Resistance and Toxicity.

Chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy are fundamental treatments to combat cancer, but, often, the doses in these treatments are restricted by their non-selective toxicities, which affect healthy tissues surrounding tumors. On the other hand, drug resistance is recognized as the main cause of chemotherapeutic treatment failure. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenol of the phenylpropanoid family that is widely distributed in plants and vegetables, including medicinal aromatic herbs, consumption of which has demonstrated beneficial activities as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories and reduced the risks of cancers.

Semiconductor quantum dots as a mechanism to enhance charge transfer processes in polymer solar cells.

The light trapping capability of thin film polymer solar absorber, composed of poly (3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61- butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC60BM) blend, is improved using ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as third donor-acceptor (D:A) component. The inherent characteristics of the microwave-assisted synthesized ZnS QD, such as quantum size effect, and multiple exciton generation were leveraged in harvesting high energy photons, which resulted in a better exciton generation, dissociation, and effective charge transport in the polymer medium. The synthesized QD exhibited good phase purity, effective kinetic enhancement, and control of the aggregation process.

Phase 3 Efficacy (Worse-Eye Analysis) and Long-Term Safety Evaluation of OTX-101 in Patients with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca.

Background: OTX-101 is approved for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). We present results of a phase 3 worse-eye efficacy analysis and 1-year safety extension.

Methods: During the double-masked treatment phase, patients with bilateral KCS were randomized 1:1 to 12 weeks OTX-101 or vehicle 1 drop per eye twice daily.

The Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye Disease Among Patients Using Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or Other Nasal Mask Therapy Devices to Treat Sleep Apnea.

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) prevalence is estimated at 9.3% of the US adult population, although diagnosed rate is much lower. This study examined real-world incidence rates (IR) and prevalence rates (PR) of DED in adults using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or nasal mask therapy (NMT) devices to treat sleep apnea.

Preclinical Efficacy Comparison of Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Solution 0.09% vs Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion 0.05% vs Ciclosporin Ophthalmic Emulsion 0.1% in a NOD Mouse Model of Dry Eye Disease.

Introduction: Cyclosporine ophthalmic solution 0.09% (CsA 0.09% sol) is approved to increase tear production in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Bl. seeds as a new source of bioactive compounds with promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

The fruits of Bl. (Elaeocarpaceae) are edible and are normally prescribed for treatment of diseases. The medicinal uses of the fruit create considerable quantities of seeds as wastes.

Physician Satisfaction with Anti-Inflammatory Topical Medications for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ophthalmic disorders. Pathogenesis of the disease includes inflammation of the ocular surface and lacrimal gland. Two anti-inflammatory prescription treatments are currently available: cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.

Treatment Satisfaction Among Patients Using Anti-Inflammatory Topical Medications for Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose: To assess patient satisfaction among current and former users of the anti-inflammatory topical medications, cyclosporine A 0.05% (CYC) and lifitegrast 5.0% (LIF), for the management of dry eye disease (DED).

An assessment of the trainability of beggars and the destitute in Abakaliki Nigeria: implication for policy on their health, vocational rehabilitation and social reintegration.

Background: Begging and destitution constitute serious health and social problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the trainability of beggars and the destitute in Abakaliki Nigeria in order to provide scientific evidence required for the development of a policy on their health, vocational rehabilitation and social reintegration.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey of 50 purposively selected beggars and destitute persons identified from motor parks, church cathedrals, market places etc.

Prevalence and Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Populations in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Background: Many elderly persons in Nigeria are having mental health challenges and there is a lack of commensurate increase in services to attend to such.

Aim: To assess the prevalence, pattern and correlates of psychiatric morbidity among community dwelling elderly persons (≥ 60 years) in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Methods: 532 respondents were selected using a multistage, stratified cluster sampling method from the elderly population in Abeokuta.

Real-World Treatment Patterns Of Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion And Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution Among Patients With Dry Eye.

Purpose: To assess adherence, non-persistence, discontinuation, and switching of topical cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (CYC) and lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5% (LIF) use in the real world among patients with dry eye disease (DED).

Design: Retrospective insurance claims study.

Infant-carrying techniques: Which is a preferred mother-friendly method?

Infant carrying is still trendy among African mothers than in other climes, however, carrying techniques vary mostly along cultural divides. Using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, the authors evaluated the effect of three types of infant-carrying techniques on cardiopulmonary function, metabolic expenditure, fatigue demand, and locomotion. Front wrap infant-carrying technique led to a marginally higher cardiopulmonary demand.

Effect of OTX-101, a Novel Nanomicellar Formulation of Cyclosporine A, on Conjunctival Staining in Patients with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Pooled Analysis of Phase 2b/3 and 3 Clinical Trials.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), a multifactorial disease, is the most common ocular condition for patients seeking medical treatment and is characterized by ocular burning, stinging, and dryness. This pooled analysis examined the effect of OTX-101 0.09% versus vehicle on the total and individual conjunctival staining in patients with KCS from phase 2b/3 and phase 3 studies.

Chemical constituents from the leaves of .

The genus belongs to the Elaeocarpaceae family, consists of about 350 species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. Plants in the genus, reportedly, contain compounds known for various biological activities like affinity for the δ-opioid receptor, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. , commonly known in India as 'Indian Olive' is a medicinal plant widely distributed through Eastern Asia and the pacific.

Efficacy and Safety of OTX-101, a Novel Nanomicellar Formulation of Cyclosporine A, for the Treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Pooled Analysis of a Phase 2b/3 and Phase 3 Study.

Background: OTX-101 (CEQUA™) is approved in the United States for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). This pooled analysis of 2 studies (phase 2b/3 and phase 3) evaluates the efficacy and safety of OTX-101 0.09% in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and the subgroup of patients with a baseline Schirmer score less than 10 mm.

Effect of OTX-101, a Novel Nanomicellar Formulation of Cyclosporine A, on Corneal Staining in Patients With Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Pooled Analysis of Phase 2b/3 and Phase 3 Studies.

Background: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca affects 5% to 33% of the population and is often accompanied by symptoms such as burning and dryness. This pooled analysis evaluated total and central corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) in patients receiving OTX-101 0.09% or vehicle in phase 2b/3 and 3 studies and whether improvements in corneal staining correlated with improved visual acuity.

A phase 1, open-label, single-arm study evaluating the ocular safety of OTX-101 and systemic absorption of cyclosporine in healthy human volunteers.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular safety of OTX-101 0.09% - a novel, nanomicellar, clear, aqueous solution of cyclosporine (CsA) - and to determine the systemic exposure to CsA following ophthalmic administration.

Patients And Methods: Healthy volunteers ≥18 years of age were recruited for participation in this phase 1, open-label, single-center, single-arm, study.

Characteristics and determinants of community physiotherapy utilization and supply.

Background: Demand for Physiotherapy is on the rise due to increasing ageing population and consequent disability and morbidity. However, the costs of healthcare in developing countries are rising, and healthcare resources are limited making the supply of Physiotherapy services challenging in rural communities. Availability of Physiotherapy may help to reduce the burden of disability and enhance efficiency of healthcare systems.

Ocular Pharmacokinetics of a Topical Ophthalmic Nanomicellar Solution of Cyclosporine (Cequa®) for Dry Eye Disease.

Cequa®, a unique and first-in-class preservative free cyclosporine-A (CsA) nanomicellar topical formulation was recently approved by US FDA for treatment of dry eye disease or keratoconjuntivitis sicca (KCS). Being highly hydrophobic, CsA is currently available as an oil based emulsion, which has its own shortcomings. Developing an aqueous and clear formulation of CsA is imperative yet a challenging need in the quest for a safe and better drug product.

Efficacy and safety of dual-polymer hydroxypropyl guar- and hyaluronic acid-containing lubricant eyedrops for the management of dry-eye disease: a randomized double-masked clinical study.

Background: An artificial-tear formulation containing the dual polymers hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is approved for the treatment of dry-eye disease (DED). The present study compared the efficacy and safety of the HPG-HA dual-polymer formulation vs a sodium hyaluronate (SH)-containing artificial-tear formulation in patients with DED.

Methods: In a prospective, 6-week, multicenter, double-masked, parallel-group study, patients with DED aged ≥18 years and total ocular surface staining (TOSS) score ≥4 and ≤9 were randomized (1:1) to receive either HPG-HA or SH four times a day for 42 days.

Clinical Outcomes of Fixed Versus As-Needed Use of Artificial Tears in Dry Eye Disease: A 6-Week, Observer-Masked Phase 4 Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effects of using fixed (four times daily [QID]) versus as-needed (PRN) dosing of an artificial tear product (polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol [PEG/PG]; Systane Ultra) in individuals with dry eye disease.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, observer-masked, active-control, parallel-group trial, participants were randomized (1:2 allocation) to receive 1 drop of PEG/PG QID (n = 34) or PRN (n = 63) for 28 days. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the total ocular surface staining (TOSS) score (according to the Oxford scale) at day 28.

Projected 24-hour post-dose ocular itching scores post-treatment with olopatadine 0.7% versus 0.2.

Olopatadine is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer used for treating allergic conjunctivitis. Olopatadine 0.7% has been recently approved for daily dosing in the US, which supersedes the previously approved 0.

Impact of Hyaluronic Acid-Containing Artificial Tear Products on Reepithelialization in an In Vivo Corneal Wound Model.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of 6 commercially available hyaluronic acid (HA)-containing topical artificial tear products on corneal reepithelialization following injury, in an in vivo mouse model.

Methods: Ninety-six C57Bl/6 mice (16 per treatment group; male to female ratio, 1:1 per group) were anesthetized. Epithelial debridement was performed on 1 cornea per animal, and the debrided eye was imaged.