[Optimization of the puncture treatment method for acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis].

Objective: Optimization of the method of puncture treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (ABMS) through the development of original devices for drainage of the maxillary sinus (MS).

Material And Methods: Registration and comparative analysis of the results of puncture methods of treatment of 120 patients with ABMS using developed new original devices for drainage of MS with one channels and with two channels in comparison with the Kulikovsky's needle (KN) was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, the effectiveness of the original devices was assessed.

[Epidemiology and modern methods of treatment of non-traumatic nosebleeds].

Unlabelled: Data on the detection incidence of nosebleeds (NBs) of non-traumatic origin in the population show considerable variability in statistical indicators, and NBs treatment and consequences depend on the localization of hemorrhage source, the volume of blood loss, patient's general condition, the presence and nature of comorbid pathology and a number of other factors. There are some differences in the choice of NBs treatment options, evaluation of their clinical and economic efficiency, which indicates the need to analyze and systematize the results of such studies.

Objective: To analyze data on prevalence and current treatment approaches of non-traumatic nosebleeds.

[Prospects for a passive acoustic research method in otorhinolaryngology].

The authors of the article reviewed acoustic research methods in otorhinolaryngology. All acoustic diagnostic methods are divided into active and passive. Active acoustic methods are based on the emission of acoustic vibrations, in some cases with the subsequent reception and processing of reflected vibrations.

[Damage to the inner ear with syphilitic infection].

The epidemiology of neurosyphilis is presented in article. The pathogenetic mechanisms of involvement in the syphilitic process are described already in the early stages of the disease of the central and peripheral nervous system and, in particular, of the auditory and vestibular analyzers. Described classical clinical forms of neurosyphilis.

[Possibility of application Mexidol for the treatment of patients suffering from sensorineural hearing loss and cerebrovascular insufficiency].

Sensorineural hearing loss can develop as a consequence of vascular pathology. The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic sensorineural hearing loss allow us to consider promising the use of neuroprotective drugs in the treatment regimen that can activate the function of the neural structures of the auditory pathway. Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, having complex pharmacological capabilities and a wide range of effects realized at the neural and vascular levels can be used in the treatment of hearing impairment and speech intelligibility.

[Immunological disorders in patients with purulent-inflammatory pathology of ENT organs in conditions of comorbidity with diabetes mellitus].

The article discusses the problems of the comorbid course of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs and diabetes mellitus. The authors consider the main immunological factors of systemic and tissue immunity, which make it possible to detect immunodeficiency in conditions of purulent inflammation - immunoglobulins A, M, G, phagocytosis parameters, lysozyme, lactoferrin, general bactericidal activity, antibody affinity, determined in blood serum and saliva. In the course of the work, results were obtained that characterize a decrease in the systemic and tissue immune reactivity, which correlate with the degree of compensation of diabetes mellitus, which is a predictor of the occurrence and development of focal suppurative inflammation in the ENT organs.

[Presbyacusis].

In the world, the spread of hearing loss due to age is an important socio-medical problem. Age-related hearing loss is the result of the biological process of aging of the tissue elements of the auditory analyzer. Changes in hearing develops by a complex of factors associated with both genetic, environmental and social aspects.

[Angioedema of the upper airways during a routine surgery].

The article describes a rare clinical case of the development of angioedema of the larynx and pharynx in a patient during a surgery under endotracheal anesthesia. The authors of the article indicate that in the practice of clinic is 1 case for 32011 people, which is 0.003% of all hospitalized in the hospital for the elective surgical treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Adaptation of spatio-temporal convergent properties in central vestibular neurons in monkeys.

The spatio-temporal convergent (STC) response occurs in central vestibular cells when dynamic and static inputs are activated. The functional significance of STC behavior is not fully understood. Whether STC is a property of some specific central vestibular neurons, or whether it is a response that can be induced in any neuron at some frequencies is unknown.

[The peculiar features of epidemiology and clinical course of syphilis encountered in the otorhinolaryngological practice under the present-day conditions].

The article was designed to report the available information about the main characteristics of epidemiology and pathomorphism of syphilis. It describes the process of development and clinical symptoms of syphilis, both classical and undergoing modification, under the present-day conditions, with special reference to the distinctive features and peculiarities of ENT organ lesions with the underlying syphilitic etiology.

[The pedagogical activities at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Faculty of General Medicine].

This article was designed to substantiate the main principles of the academic process as practiced at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University under the current conditions of the ongoing modernization of the system of higher medical education.

Gaze shifts and fixations dominate gaze behavior of walking cats.

Vision is important for locomotion in complex environments. How it is used to guide stepping is not well understood. We used an eye search coil technique combined with an active marker-based head recording system to characterize the gaze patterns of cats walking over terrains of different complexity: (1) on a flat surface in the dark when no visual information was available, (2) on the flat surface in light when visual information was available but not required for successful walking, (3) along the highly structured but regular and familiar surface of a horizontal ladder, a task for which visual guidance of stepping was required, and (4) along a pathway cluttered with many small stones, an irregularly structured surface that was new each day.

[The experience with the supervision and treatment of the patients presenting with external otitis].

This clinical study was designed to estimate the efficacy and tolerability of the locally applied Pimafucort preparation for the treatment of diffuse otitis of bacterial and mycotic origin. The results of dynamic bacteriological investigation in conjunction with clinical observations give reason to recommend the local therapy as the sole treatment of uncomplicated forms of diffuse external otitis.

Fos expression in neurons of the rat vestibulo-autonomic pathway activated by sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation.

The vestibular system sends projections to brainstem autonomic nuclei that modulate heart rate and blood pressure in response to changes in head and body position with regard to gravity. Consistent with this, binaural sinusoidally modulated galvanic vestibular stimulation (sGVS) in humans causes vasoconstriction in the legs, while low frequency (0.02-0.

Motion sickness on tilting trains.

Trains that tilt on curves can go faster, but passengers complain of motion sickness. We studied the control signals and tilts to determine why this occurs and how to maintain speed while eliminating motion sickness. Accelerometers and gyros monitored train and passenger yaw and roll, and a survey evaluated motion sickness.

Sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (sGVS) induces a vasovagal response in the rat.

Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were studied in isoflurane-anesthetized Long-Evans rats during sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (sGVS) and sinusoidal oscillation in pitch to characterize vestibular influences on autonomic control of BP and HR. sGVS was delivered binaurally via Ag/AgCl needle electrodes inserted over the mastoids at stimulus frequencies 0.008-0.

Complementary gain modifications of the cervico-ocular (COR) and angular vestibulo-ocular (aVOR) reflexes after canal plugging.

To determine whether the COR compensates for the loss of aVOR gain, independent of species, we studied cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys in which all six semicircular canals were plugged. Gains and phases of the aVOR and COR were determined at frequencies ranging from 0.02 to 6 Hz and fit with model-based transfer functions.

Effects of the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex on accommodative vergence eye movements.

The aim of the study was to determine whether accommodation to the relative motion of a target along the visual axis of one eye during fore-aft movement of the head could induce accurate vergence over a wide range of viewing distances and frequencies of oscillation, despite lack of vision in the second eye. This was compared to the vergence when both eyes viewed the target. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to fixate a visual target located 216-336 mm in front and along the visual axis of one eye, while being sinusoidally translated in the fore-aft direction.

Head fixed field coil system for measuring eye movements in freely moving monkeys.

Coil systems have been a standard for measuring eye movements since they were first introduced. These systems, which have been designed to work at low frequencies (20 KHz), generally require large field coils so that a uniform field can be established at the eye coil site. This configuration makes it virtually impossible to study eye movements in freely moving animals.

Electrical activation of the human vestibulo-sympathetic reflex.

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is modulated on a beat-to-beat basis by the baroreflex. Vestibular input from the otolith organs also modulates MSNA, but characteristics of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex (VSR) are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to elicit the VSR with electrical stimulation to estimate its latency in generating MSNA.

[Microbial view and optimal antibiotic therapy in acute purulent ENT diseases].

The aim of the study was elaboration of optimal antibiotic treatment in acute pyoinflammatory ENT pathology basing on the results of updated microbial tests and basic rules of microflora suppression by antibiotics. A total of 200 patients were examined. Of them, acute purulent sinusitis was diagnosed in 15, acute purulent otitis media in 25, paratonsillar abscess in 12 cases.

[Bacterial contamination of the maxilla after radical surgical treatment].

Qualitative and quantitative examinations of the microflora in a postoperative cavity of 62 patients early after radical surgery on the maxilla with opening of the ethmoidal labyrinth have found that in spite of a noticeable antibacterial effect of the operation pyoinflammatory process in the wound is possible. Treatment basing on bacteriological findings is recommended.

[Transcranial duplex scanning in estimation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with secondary cochleovestibular neuritis].

The authors present pilot experience with transcranial duplex scanning (TCDS) of the cerebral vessels in 17 patients with secondary cochleovestibular neuritis combined with chronic leptomeningitis (primarily of the posterior cranial fossa). This method has determined extra- and intracranial hemodynamics, characterized arterial and venous blood flow qualitatively and quantitatively, outlined possible genetically determined factors in development of dyscirculatory disorders. Finally, hemodynamic defects of two types were revealed in 12 patients.

[On postop strategies in surgically treated forms of ethmoid sinusitis].

146 patients were subjected to radical operations on the maxillary sinus with opening of the ethmoidal labyrinth cells. The superior effect of postoperative insertion of the latex tampon over gauze turunda was seen. Effective were also analgetics-antipiretics (paracetamol) and tactivin as medical correctors of early postoperative symptoms.

[Use of rovamycin and amox-clav in patients with infectious-inflammatory pathology of the ORL organs].

Clinical and microbiological findings led the authors to the conclusion that antibacterial drugs rovamycin and amox-clav are active against ENT infection and inflammation. The trial included 69 and 42 patients given rovamycin and amox-clav, respectively.