Creating a Model for Advanced Practice Provider Mentorship.

Advanced practice providers (APPs), widely considered essential to the delivery of healthcare, are one of the fastest-growing workforces in the United States. However, the APP role is evolving, and professional growth and advancement programs for APPs are still emerging at many institutions. Professional mentorship has been long embraced by other healthcare disciplines and numerous organizations because of the benefits gained from helping employees increase knowledge, enhance skills, and achieve scholarly goals, such as retention.

PLL-g-PEG Polymer Inhibits Antibody-Drug Conjugate Uptake into Human Corneal Epithelial Cells .

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a relatively recent advance in the delivery of chemotherapeutics that improve targeting of cytotoxic agents. However, despite their antitumor activity, severe ocular adverse effects, including vision loss, have been reported for several ADCs. The nonspecific uptake of ADCs into human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and their precursors via macropinocytosis has been proposed to be the primary mechanism of ocular toxicity.

Climate mitigation potential of cover crops in the United States is regionally concentrated and lower than previous estimates.

Widespread adoption of regenerative agriculture practices is an integral part of the US plan to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. National incentives have particularly increased for the adoption of cover crops (CCs), which have presumably large carbon (C) sequestration potential. However, assessments of national CC climate benefits have not fully considered regional variability, changing C sequestration rates over time, and potential NO trade-offs.

Low-risk pneumatosis intestinalis in the pediatric surgical population.

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI, presence of air in bowel wall) develops in a variety of settings and due to a variety of insults which is then characterized by varying severity and clinical course. Anecdotally, many of these cases are benign with few clinical sequelae; however, we lack evidence-based guidelines to help guide management of such lower-risk cases. We aimed to describe the clinical entity of low-risk PI, characterize the population of children who develop this form of PI, determine if management approach or clinical outcomes differed depending on the managing physician's field of practice, and finally determine if a shortened course of NPO and antibiotics was safe in the population of children with low-risk PI.

Counterfactual scenarios reveal historical impact of cropland management on soil organic carbon stocks in the United States.

Natural climate solutions provide opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the United States is among a growing number of countries promoting storage of carbon in agricultural soils as part of the climate solution. Historical patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes provide context about mitigation potential. Therefore, our objective was to quantify the influence of climate-smart soil practices on SOC stock changes in the top 30 cm of mineral soils for croplands in the United States using the DayCent Ecosystem Model.

What is the role of neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients with pneumatosis intestinalis?

Background: We aimed to identify prognostic indicators in pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) in a pediatric oncology population. We hypothesized that neutropenia would be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes, including the need for abdominal operation to treat PI and for the development of recurrent PI.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated for PI between 2009 and 2019 with a diagnosis of cancer or history of bone marrow transplant (BMT).

A gap in nitrous oxide emission reporting complicates long-term climate mitigation.

Nitrous oxide (NO) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) that also contributes to depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Agricultural soils account for about 60% of anthropogenic NO emissions. Most national GHG reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change assumes nitrogen (N) additions drive emissions during the growing season, but soil freezing and thawing during spring is also an important driver in cold climates.

Optimization of critical parameters for coating of polymeric nanoparticles with plasma membrane vesicles by sonication.

Top-down functionalization of nanoparticles with cellular membranes imparts nanoparticles with enhanced bio-interfacing capabilities. Initial methods for membrane coating involved physical co-extrusion of nanoparticles and membrane vesicles through a porous membrane; however, recent works employ sonication as the disruptive force to reform membranes around the surface of nanoparticles. Although sonication is widely used, there remains a paucity of information on the effects of sonication variables on coating efficiency, leading to inconsistent membrane coating across studies.

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Model for Biochar Additions to Soil.

Stabilizing the global climate within safe bounds will require greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to reach net zero within a few decades. Achieving this is expected to require removal of CO from the atmosphere to offset some hard-to-eliminate emissions. There is, therefore, a clear need for GHG accounting protocols that quantify the mitigation impact of CO removal practices, such as biochar sequestration, that have the potential to be deployed at scale.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Encapsulating the Prenylated Flavonoid, Xanthohumol, Protect Corneal Epithelial Cells from Dry Eye Disease-Associated Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is a known contributor to the progression of dry eye disease pathophysiology, and previous studies have shown that antioxidant intervention is a promising therapeutic approach to reduce the disease burden and slow disease progression. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological efficacy of the naturally occurring prenylated chalconoid, xanthohumol, in preclinical models for dry eye disease. Xanthohumol acts by promoting the transcription of phase II antioxidant enzymes.

Surgeon, patient, and caregiver perspective of pediatric surgical telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Purpose: Adoption of telemedicine (TME) in surgical specialties, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, has previously been slow. The purpose of this prospective, observational, single institution study is to evaluate surgeon and caregiver perspectives of TMEs during the pandemic.

Methods: Surveys were distributed to surgical faculty regarding perceptions of TME early during the pandemic and 2 months later.

Improved accuracy and reduced uncertainty in greenhouse gas inventories by refining the IPCC emission factor for direct N O emissions from nitrogen inputs to managed soils.

Most national GHG inventories estimating direct N O emissions from managed soils rely on a default Tier 1 emission factor (EF ) amounting to 1% of nitrogen inputs. Recent research has, however, demonstrated the potential for refining the EF considering variables that are readily available at national scales. Building on existing reviews, we produced a large dataset (n = 848) enriched in dry and low latitude tropical climate observations as compared to former global efforts and disaggregated the EF according to most meaningful controlling factors.

The novel fetal MRI O/E CLV versus O/E LHR in predicting prognosis in congenital diaphragmatic hernias: can we teach an old dog new tricks?

Purpose: In congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), ultrasound (U/S) measurements of the contralateral lung commonly provide the observed-to-expected lung-to-head ratio (O/E LHR) and are used to determine the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of the observed-to-expected total lung volume (O/E TLV) has been used as an adjunct to O/E LHR in predicting outcomes. Since O/E LHR only measures the contralateral lung, we sought to investigate if MRI measurements of the contralateral lung volume (O/E CLV) can accurately predict outcomes in CDH.

Modeling nitrous oxide mitigation potential of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers from agricultural systems.

Agriculture soils are responsible for a large proportion of global nitrous oxide (NO) emissions-a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance. Enhanced-efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizers (EENFs) can reduce NO emission from N-fertilized soils, but their effect varies considerably due to a combination of factors, including climatic conditions, edaphic characteristics and management practices. In this study, we further developed the DayCent ecosystem model to simulate two EENFs: controlled-release N fertilizers (CRNFs) and nitrification inhibitors (NIs) and evaluated their NO mitigation potentials.

Referral and utilization of paediatric bariatric surgery in an academic freestanding children's hospital with dedicated paediatric bariatric programme.

Objective: This report estimates the percent of medically eligible adolescents who are referred for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) evaluation or factors associated with referral.

Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective review evaluated patients aged 13 to 18 years seen between 2017 and 2019 for demographics, insurance status, body mass index (BMI), obesity-related comorbidities, and compared these data to patients whom had been referred and received MBS.

Results: Half of the patients (86 411/163137, 53%) between ages of 13 and 18 years identified had BMI documented, of which, 1974 (2.

Improving Health Professions Students' Understanding of Interprofessional Roles Through Participation in a Patient Stabilization Simulation.

To teach interprofessional communication and teamwork skills to health professions students through a standardized patient simulation on acute patient stabilization and measure the impact on learners' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration. Medical and pharmacy students in their final year and post-licensure nurses in their initial six-month probationary period worked together to stabilize a simulated acutely ill standardized patient. Perceptions of IPE were assessed pre- and post-simulation using the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised Instrument, version 2 (SPICE-R2).

Supporting Advanced Practice Providers Through the Development and Implementation of an Advanced Practice Provider Professional Advancement Program.

As the number of Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) has increased across health care settings, institutions have identified the need to provide opportunities for the advancement, growth, and development of APPs. An APP Professional Advancement Program was developed and implemented at our freestanding, pediatric academic medical center that employs over 700 APPs. This program was designed to support all APPs regardless of their role and practice setting by recognizing their accomplishments and providing the tools and resources needed to pursue opportunities to further their professional development and leadership.