Clinical features, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents in Sana'a, Yemen.

Introduction: There is little published information on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children in Yemen. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of T1D among children and adolescents in a diabetes centre in Sana'a, Yemen.

Methods: A total of 485 children and adolescents aged ≤18 years diagnosed with T1D during the period 2010-2020 were included in the study.

Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in children and youth in Burkina Faso 2013-2022.

Aim: There are no data on type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence and prevalence in Burkina Faso. We aimed to determine these in persons aged <25 years (y) since the implementation of Life for a Child (LFAC) program in 2013.

Patients And Methods: Data were collected from the prospective program register.

The T1D Index: Implications of Initial Results, Data Limitations, and Future Development.

Purpose Of The Review: Current global information on incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To address this gap in evidence, JDRF, Life for a Child, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, and International Diabetes Federation have developed the T1D Index, which uses a Markov mathematical model, and machine learning and all available data to provide global estimates of the burden on T1D. This review assesses the methodology, limitations, current findings, and future directions of the Index.

Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study.

Background: Accurate data on type 1 diabetes prevalence, incidence, associated mortality and life expectancy are crucial to inform public health policy, but these data are scarce. We therefore developed a model based on available data to estimate these values for 201 countries for the year 2021 and estimate the projected prevalent cases in 2040.

Methods: We fitted a discrete-time illness-death model (Markov model) to data on type 1 diabetes incidence and type 1 diabetes-associated mortality to produce type 1 diabetes prevalence, incidence, associated mortality and life expectancy in all countries.

Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Mali.

Objective: Limited information is available regarding youth-onset diabetes in Mali. We investigated demographic, clinical, biochemical, and genetic features in new diabetes cases in children and adolescents.

Research Design And Methods: The study was conducted at Hôpital du Mali in Bamako.

Incidence of type 1 diabetes in children in Dominican Republic, 2010-2019: A national collaborative study.

The Dominican Republic has no recent data on type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in children. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine this in persons aged <15 years (y). Data were collected on all new T1D diagnoses between 2010-2019 from the four institutions caring for children with T1D.

Epidemiology and phenotypes of diabetes in children and adolescents in non-European-origin populations in or from Western Pacific region.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence varies substantially between countries/ territories, with most studies indicating increasing incidence. In Western Pacific region (WPR), reported rates are much lower than European-origin populations. In contrast, there are reports of substantial numbers of young people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adults with type 1 diabetes in Rwanda.

Introduction: data on the impact of COVID-19 on people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in less resourced countries are limited. Our study was undertaken in Kigali, Rwanda, and aimed to investigate and describe the problems and challenges experienced by young adults with T1D resulting from the early phase of the pandemic. The study further aimed to understand the mechanisms being used to solve problems and overcome challenges, and perceived support needs.

Worldwide estimates of incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in 2021.

Aims: We aimed to conduct a systematic review of published studies on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years and provide worldwide incidence estimates for 2021.

Methods: We used MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies reporting type 2 diabetes incidence in children and adolescents published between Jan 2000 and April 2021. We used a negative binomial regression model to develop a prediction equation to estimate incidence rates from country characteristics.

Role of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the appearance of new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in Gran Canaria, Spain.

Objectives: It has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the development of different forms of diabetes mellitus (DM). The Canary Islands have the highest incidence of type 1 DM (T1DM) reported in Spain (30-35/100,000 children under 14 years/year). In 2020-2021 we observed the highest incidence so far on the island of Gran Canaria, as a result of which we decided to evaluate the possible role of COVID-19 in the increased number of onsets.

Global estimates of incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas, 10th edition.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in children and adolescents varies widely, and is increasing in many nations. The 10th edition of the International Diabetes Federation Atlas estimated incident cases in 2021 for 215 countries/territories ("countries").

Methods: Studies on T1D incidence for young people aged 0-19 years were sourced and graded using previously described methods.

A human rights-based approach to improve access to insulin and other aspects of diabetes care.

Many nations struggle to provide adequate diabetes care. Legal as well as moral obligations may facilitate access. International human rights law places obligations on governments to ensure the accessibility and affordability of insulin (a World Health Organization essential medicine), and other components of diabetes care.

Efficacy of a New Protocol of Premixed 70/30 Human Insulin in Haitian Youth with Diabetes.

Introduction: Controlling insulin-treated diabetes is challenging in low-resource settings where only Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH), regular (R) and premixed insulin formulations are available, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) supplies are scarce and food insecurity is common. We examined the impact of a treatment protocol that includes sliding scale-based 70/30 insulin adjustments in Haiti.

Methods: Thirty young patients aged 11-28 years with diabetes treated with premixed 70/30 insulin twice daily were included in the study.

Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Sudan.

Objective: To further understand clinical and biochemical features, and HLA-DRB1 genotypes, in new cases of diabetes in Sudanese children and adolescents.

Research Design And Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical information, and biochemical parameters (blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 [GADA] and insulinoma-associated protein-2 [IA-2A], and HLA-DRB1) were assessed in 99 individuals <18 years, recently (<18 months) clinically diagnosed with T1D. HLA-DRB1 genotypes for 56 of these Arab individuals with T1D were compared to a mixed control group of 198 healthy Arab (75%) and African (25%) individuals without T1D.

Incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Objectives: Bangladesh has limited information regarding incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in young people. The objective of this study was to measure minimum incidence of T1D and T2D, and record other types of new-onset diabetes in children and adolescents <20 years (y), in Dhaka District, Bangladesh, from 2011-2018.

Methods: Retrospective study using clinical records from Diabetic Association of Bangladesh clinics.

High incidence of type 1 diabetes in adolescents and young adults in Eritrea.

Background: Eritrea has no data on type 1 diabetes incidence in children and youth; therefore, a study was undertaken to determine this in persons aged <25 years.

Methods: Data were collected on new type 1 diabetes diagnoses during 2019, from district, provincial and national hospitals. Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed according to standard WHO criteria.

Rapid increases in observed incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in children and youth in Mali, 2007-2016.

Aims: Determine incidence, prevalence and mortality of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and youth <25 years (y) in Mali during the first 10 years of the Santé Diabète/Life for a Child program.

Methods: Data were collected from the prospective program register. Diagnosis of T1D was clinical, based on presentation, clinical features, immediate requirement for insulin, and no suggestion of other diabetes types.

Access to insulin delivery devices and glycated haemoglobin in lower-income countries.

Background: Young people with type 1 diabetes in low-and-middle income countries face many challenges in accessing care, with various essential supplies needed for survival and long-term health.

Aim: To study insulin delivery devices and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing.

Methods: A survey was conducted in 2019 of leading diabetes centres in 41 countries supported by the Life for a Child Program.