[A Case of Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Metastatic Breast Cancer-A Case Report].

Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG)is a rare skin disorder and its diagnosis is often delayed owing to its wound infection mimicking course. A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with multiple liver and bone metastases from breast cancer. A port was created on her right upper arm to administer chemotherapy.

Excess glucose alone induces hepatocyte damage due to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the increasing prevalence of type 2 DM and MASLD due to lifestyle changes, understanding their impact on liver health is crucial. However, the hepatocellular damage caused by glucose alone is unknown.

Neutrophils insert elastase into hepatocytes to regulate calcium signaling in alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Neutrophil infiltration occurs in a variety of liver diseases, but it is unclear how neutrophils and hepatocytes interact. Neutrophils generally use granule proteases to digest phagocytosed bacteria and foreign substances or neutralize them in neutrophil extracellular traps. In certain pathological states, granule proteases play a destructive role against the host as well.

Association between animal protein intake, oral frailty and calf circumference in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis from the Shika study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between oral frailty (OF), nutrient intake and calf circumference (CC) in middle-aged and older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Residents of four model districts of Shika town, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, using data from November 2017 to February 2018.

Caspase-4 has a role in cell division in epithelial cells through actin depolymerization.

In addition to its role in pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokine maturation, caspase-4 (CASP4) also contributes to the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes and cell migration. However, its role in cell division remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that CASP4 is indispensable for proper cell division in epithelial cells.

Radiological features of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma: case series and systematic review.

Purpose: To comprehensively summarize the clinical data and CT/MRI characteristics of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TL-LGNPPA).

Methods: Twenty-seven lesions from 25 study articles identified through a systematic review and three lesions from our institution associated with TL-LGNPPA were evaluated.

Results: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 35.

Adaptation to volumetric compression drives hepatoblastoma cells to an apoptosis-resistant and invasive phenotype.

Unlabelled: Liver cancer involves tumor cells rapidly growing within a packed tissue environment. Patient tumor tissues reveal densely packed and deformed cells, especially at tumor boundaries, indicative of physical crowding and compression. It is not well understood how these physical signals modulate tumor evolution and therapeutic susceptibility.

A rare case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: Radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a carcinoma that arises from a primary or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma. The prevalence of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is low, and this histological type accounting for only 1% of all salivary gland tumors. Here, we report a rare case of Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland with a radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Primordial follicles remaining in young cancer survivors who received chemotherapy.

Aim: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) is performed for fertility preservation in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Although anti-Müllerian hormone is used as a marker for ovarian reserve, serum levels do not always correlate with the number of follicles. Additionally, the follicle development stage most affected by chemotherapy is unclear.

Filter blot method: A simple method for measuring 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins of atmospheric particulate matter.

Air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O), and particulate matter (PM), have been epidemiologically reported to contribute to the onset and exacerbation of asthma. We have previously shown that several proteins in atmospheric PM are allergenic in mouse asthma models and that these proteins are nitrated by atmospheric NO and O in chemical reactions. Based on these results, the amount of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in atmospheric PM could be an air pollution marker integrating NO, O, and PM.

Structure-activity-relationship study of semi-synthetically modified fusicoccins on their stabilization effect for 14-3-3-phospholigand interactions.

The diterpene glucoside fusicoccin-A (FC-A) is a fungal phytotoxin that stabilizes the interaction of plant 14-3-3 protein and plasma membrane H-ATPase by forming a stable ternary complex. Previous studies demonstrated that structurally modified FC-A derivatives exhibit significant antitumor activities but their synthesis involves an explosive reagent, limiting their utility and opportunities for further structure-activity-relationship studies. In this study, we synthesized a series of FC derivatives by introducing various substituents on the fusicoccan scaffold and on the glucoside moiety, and evaluated their stabilization effects on the binding of 14-3-3 to fluorescently labeled mode-1 and mode-3 phosphopeptides.

Impact of Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antivirals on the Incidence of Extrahepatic Malignancies in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.

Background: The incidence of extrahepatic malignancies (EHMs) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication by interferon (IFN)-based and IFN-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment remains unclear.

Aims: The aim was to evaluate the cumulative incidence of EHMs diagnosed for the first time after the antiviral treatments.

Methods: We analyzed a total 527 patients with chronic HCV infection and without prior history of any malignancies who achieved sustained virological response by antiviral treatments, including IFN-based (n = 242) or IFN-free DAAs (n = 285).

Relationship between Alcohol Intake and Chronic Pain with Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Shika Study.

Although alcohol intake is associated with chronic pain (CP) and analgesia, epidemiological studies have not yet examined the factors affecting the relationship between alcohol intake and CP in detail. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between alcohol intake and CP in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals with/without depressive symptoms. Participants comprised 2223 inhabitants of Shika town in Ishikawa prefecture, located on the Noto Peninsula facing the Sea of Japan, and included 1007 males and 1216 females.

Foveal Morphology of Normal Fellow Eyes of Patients with Unilateral Macular Hole.

Purpose: To determine the morphology of the fovea in the ophthalmoscopically and tomographically normal fellow eyes of patients with a unilateral idiopathic macular hole (MH) and determine the association between foveal morphological parameters and foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Participants: Two hundred three normal fellow eyes of patients with a unilateral MH and 216 normal eyes of 216 healthy subjects.

Airborne fine particulate matter in Japan induces lipid synthesis and inhibits autophagy in HepG2 cells.

Inhalation of particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm has been reported to exacerbates fatty liver disease. However, the components and mechanisms of particulate matter involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and autophagy have not been fully elucidated.

mRNA as a potential biomarker for exercise: interventional and cross-sectional research in healthy subjects.

The health-promoting effects of exercise are explained by the biological adaptation to oxidative stress via maintenance of mitochondrial function especially in muscles. Although the induction of antioxidant enzymes in muscle is a useful indicator of exercise, it is not widely used due to the invasiveness of muscle biopsies. To explore more suitable biomarkers for exercise, we examined mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells of 14 volunteers in an exercise intervention study.

Compromised glutathione synthesis results in high susceptibility to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in acatalasemic mice.

Acatalasemia is caused by genetic defect in the catalase gene. Human achatalasemia patients are able to scavenge physiological hydrogen peroxide but are vulnerable to exogenous oxidative stress. In the present study, we used an acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity model in acatalasemic mice to explore this vulnerability.

Birth Year-Dependent Increase in Axial Length of Japanese Adult.

Purpose: To determine whether the correlations between the axial length and the aging-dependent and birth year-dependent age are significant.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study included Japanese patients ≥50 years who had undergone cataract surgery at numerous clinics from 2002 to 2020.

Possible contribution of hepatocyte secretion to the elevation of plasma exosomal arginase-1 in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Aims: The elevation of arginase in vascular tissues decreases nitric oxide production, which is considered as an early step of atherosclerosis in obesity. Previously, we found that arginase-1, one of arginase isozymes, was elevated in the blood plasma of obese adults. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which obesity increases arginase-1 levels in the blood.

Role of HO-1 against Saturated Fatty Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes.

Increased circulating levels of free fatty acids, especially saturated ones, are involved in disease progression in the non-alcoholic fatty liver. Although the mechanism of saturated fatty acid-induced toxicity in the liver is not fully understood, oxidative stress may be deeply involved. We examined the effect of increased palmitic acid, the most common saturated fatty acid in the blood, on the liver of BALB/c mice via tail vein injection with palmitate.

Plasma Arginase-1 Level Is Associated with the Mental Status of Outpatients with Chronic Liver Disease.

While plasma arginase-1 has been suggested as a biomarker of mental status in healthy individuals, it has not been evaluated in patients with chronic liver disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the utility of plasma arginase-1 for screening mental status in patients with chronic liver disease. This study included outpatients with chronic liver disease who underwent regular check-ups at Okayama University Hospital between September 2018 and January 2019.

Correlation of hepatitis C virus-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress with autophagic flux impairment and hepatocarcinogenesis.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been known to use autophagy for its replication. However, the mechanisms by which HCV modulates autophagy remain controversial. We used HCV-Japanese fulminant hepatitis-1-infected Huh7 cells.

Anti-CD71 antibody immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, subtype acute erythroid leukemia with erythroid dominance (AML M6-Er), in a retrovirus-negative cat.

CD71 is an immunohistochemical marker used in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M6-Er in humans; however, to our knowledge, it has not been reportedly used for immunohistochemistry in veterinary medicine. We evaluated the pathologic features of AML M6-Er in a retrovirus-negative cat and used CD71 to support the diagnosis. A 4-y-old spayed female Scottish Fold cat was presented with lethargy, anorexia, and fever.