Photosynthetic Energy Transfer: Missing in Action (Detected Spectroscopy)?

In recent years, action-detected ultrafast spectroscopies have gained popularity offering distinct advantages over their coherently detected counterparts, such as spatially resolved and operando measurements with high sensitivity. However, there are also fundamental limitations connected to the process of signal generation in action-detected experiments. Here we perform fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (F-2DES) of the light-harvesting II (LH2) complex from purple bacteria.

Broadband rapid-scanning phase-modulated Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy.

We present a phase-modulated approach for ultrabroadband Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy. To overcome the bandwidth limitations and spatial chirp introduced by acousto-optic modulators (AOMs), pulses from a 1 µm laser are modulated using AOMs prior to continuum generation. This phase modulation is transferred to the continuum generated in a yttrium aluminum garnet crystal.

Intraspecific body size variation across distributional moments reveals trait filtering processes.

Natural populations are composed of individuals that vary in their morphological traits, timing and interactions. The distribution of a trait can be described by several dimensions, or mathematical moments-mean, variance, skew and kurtosis. Shifts in the distribution of a trait across these moments in response to environmental variation can help to reveal which trait values are gained or lost, and consequently how trait filtering processes are altering populations.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor expression in postnatal developing mouse retina.

Introduction: Estrogen has emerged as a multifaceted signaling molecule in the retina, playing an important role in neural development and providing neuroprotection in adults. It interacts with two receptor types: classical estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (Gper). differs from classical ERs in structure, localization, and signaling.

Child Sexual Abuse Victimization Amongst Detained Adolescents and Incarcerated Young Adults: Findings from an Australian Population-Based Birth Cohort Study.

To guide prevention and intervention efforts, the prevalence and impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) victimization among detained and incarcerated populations requires further examination, particularly with consideration of multi-type maltreatment experiences and sex-based variations. This longitudinal population-based study explores these relationships in an Australian birth cohort comprising all individuals born in Queensland in 1983 and 1984 ( = 82,409; 48.68% female).

Expanding the bandwidth of fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using a broadband continuum probe pulse pair.

We demonstrate fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (F-2DES) with a broadband, continuum probe pulse pair in the pump-probe geometry. The approach combines a pump pulse pair generated by an acousto-optic pulse-shaper with precise control of the relative pump pulse phase and time delay with a broadband, continuum probe pulse pair created using the Translating Wedge-based Identical pulses eNcoding System (TWINS). The continuum probe expands the spectral range of the detection axis and lengthens the waiting times that can be accessed in comparison to implementations of F-2DES using a single pulse-shaper.

Durable Approaches to Recurrent Rectal Prolapse Repair May Require Avoidance of Index Procedure.

Background: Surgical treatment of recurrent rectal prolapse is associated with unique technical challenges, partially determined by the surgical approach used for the index operation. Success rates are variable, and data to determine the best approach in patients with recurring prolapse are lacking.

Objective: The study aimed to assess current surgical approaches to patients with prior rectal prolapse repairs and to compare short-term outcomes of de novo and redo procedures, including recurrence of rectal prolapse.

Prevalence of mental disorders among Australian females: Comparison according to motherhood status using Australian birth cohort data.

Purpose: Studies examining mental disorders among women have primarily focused on either depression, anxiety, or substance use disorders and not included the broader spectrum of mental disorders. Mixed evidence exists on the prevalence rates of mental disorders among mothers. This study compares the prevalence of different mental disorders and mental comorbidities between mothers and non-mothers and assesses correlates of mental disorders among mothers.

Synaptic Origins of the Complex Receptive Field Structure in Primate Smooth Monostratified Retinal Ganglion Cells.

Considerable progress has been made in studying the receptive fields of the most common primate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types, such as parasol RGCs. Much less is known about the rarer primate RGC types and the circuitry that gives rise to noncanonical receptive field structures. The goal of this study was to analyze synaptic inputs to smooth monostratified RGCs to determine the origins of their complex spatial receptive fields, which contain isolated regions of high sensitivity called "hotspots.

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Specialized, Field-Based Treatment Program for Youth Who Have Committed Sexual Offenses in an Australian Jurisdiction.

This study provides an evaluation of recidivism outcomes for a specialized, field-based treatment program for youth who perpetrate sexual offenses in an Australian jurisdiction. Using survival analyses, recidivism outcomes for the treatment group ( = 200), who were followed for an average of 5.07 years ( = 3.

Does Hispanic ethnicity play a role in outcomes for diverticular surgery in the USA?

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether origins of ethnicity affect the outcomes of surgery for diverticulitis in the USA.

Design: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Programme database from 2008 to 2017 was used to identify patients undergoing colectomy for diverticulitis. Patient demographics, comorbidities, procedural details and outcomes were captured and compared by ethnicity status.

Low-Dose Rivaroxaban as Extended Prophylaxis Reduces Postdischarge Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Malignancy and IBD.

Background: Despite guidelines suggesting the use of extended prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with colorectal cancer and perhaps IBD, routine use is low and scant data exist regarding oral forms of therapy.

Objective: The purpose was to compare the incidence of postdischarge venous thromboembolism in patients given extended prophylaxis with low-dose rivaroxaban.

Design: We used propensity matching to compare pre- and postintervention analyses from a 2-year period before instituting extended prophylaxis.

The international variability of surgery for rectal prolapse.

Objective: There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal approach for patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse. The aim of this international survey was to assess the patterns in treatment of rectal prolapse.

Design: A 23-question survey was distributed to the Pelvic Floor Consortium of the American Society of Colorectal Surgeons, the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand, and the Pelvic Floor Society.

Early observations with an ERAS pathway for thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Moving the goalposts forward.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways have become the standard of care in various surgical specialties. In this study, we discuss our initial experience with a staged enhanced recovery after surgery pathway in endocrine surgery and assess the impact of this pathway on select perioperative outcomes and unanticipated admissions.

Methods: We collected information regarding all thyroid/parathyroid surgeries performed by endocrine surgeons at our institution before and after the implementation of the multi-intervention enhanced recovery after surgery pathway.

Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of the Far-Red-Light Photosystem II Reaction Center.

Understanding the role of specific pigments in primary energy conversion in the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center has been impeded by the spectral overlap of its constituent pigments. When grown in far-red light, some cyanobacteria incorporate chlorophyll- and chlorophyll- into PSII, relieving the spectral congestion. We employ two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to study PSII at 77 K from sp.

Paediatricians' awareness of Canadian screen time guidelines, perception of screen time use, and counselling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Paediatricians are essential in guiding families on screen time use as digital media becomes increasingly prevalent. While this has been highlighted through the COVID-19 pandemic there is no literature on paediatricians' awareness of Canadian screen time guidelines, or perception of these guidelines during this time. The aim of this study was to assess pediatricians' knowledge, attitudes, and comfort with the Canadian Paediatric Society's (CPS) screen time guidelines, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Psychiatric illness and the risk of reoffending: recurrent event analysis for an Australian birth cohort.

Background: Psychiatric illness is a well-established risk factor for criminal justice system involvement, but less is known about the relationships between specific psychiatric illnesses and reoffending. Research typically examines reoffending as a single discrete event. We examined the relationship between different psychiatric disorders and types of reoffending while accounting for multiple reoffending events over time.

Charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center resolved by multispectral two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

The photosystem II reaction center (PSII RC) performs the primary energy conversion steps of oxygenic photosynthesis. While the PSII RC has been studied extensively, the similar time scales of energy transfer and charge separation and the severely overlapping pigment transitions in the Q region have led to multiple models of its charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Here, we combine two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a continuum probe and two-dimensional electronic vibrational spectroscopy (2DEV) to study the cyt b559-D1D2 PSII RC at 77 K.

Preoperative Immuno-Nutrition and Complications After Colorectal Surgery: Results of a 2-Year Prospective Study.

Introduction: Preoperative immuno-nutrition has been associated with reductions in infectious complications and length of stay, but remains unstudied in the setting of an enhanced recovery protocol. The objective was to evaluate outcomes after elective colorectal surgery with the addition of a preoperative immuno-nutrition supplement.

Methods: In October 2017, all major colorectal surgeries were given an arginine-based supplement prior to surgery.

High level of novelty under the hood of convergent evolution.

Little is known about the extent to which species use homologous regulatory architectures to achieve phenotypic convergence. By characterizing chromatin accessibility and gene expression in developing wing tissues, we compared the regulatory architecture of convergence between a pair of mimetic butterfly species. Although a handful of color pattern genes are known to be involved in their convergence, our data suggest that different mutational paths underlie the integration of these genes into wing pattern development.