Use of vasopressin in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: A case series.

Treatment of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn includes optimization of ventilatory support, use of pulmonary vasodilators, and/or inotropic support. If refractory to this management, some may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We describe a case series of 10 neonates with refractory persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn treated with vasopressin in a single tertiary center.

Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Neonate With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy and Sepsis Managed on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is an infrequent and potentially fatal event in term neonates. Reports of successful management of PH on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited, given the accentuated risk of mortality imposed by the use of heparin to prevent thrombosis on ECMO. We present a case of a term neonate with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy undergoing controlled hypothermia who developed hypoxic respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, Enterobacter cloacae pneumonia and sepsis complicated by severe PH who required support with veno-arterial ECMO.

Improving timeliness of newborn screens in the neonatal intensive care unit: a quality improvement initiative.

Background: Despite the established utility of newborn screening tests (NBS), achieving timely specimen transit is a challenge for neonatal intensive care units (NICU).

Methods: This project was conducted between September 2017 and July 2020 using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) tool. Our primary aim was to increase the percent of NBS samples reaching the state laboratory within 1 day of collection by 20% by April 2020.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Neonates with Hypoxemic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Controlled Hypothermia.

Objective: Identify population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic target attainment of gentamicin in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) undergoing controlled hypothermia (CH).

Design: Prospective open-label pharmacokinetic study. Gentamicin concentrations were modeled and dosing regimens simulated for a 5000-patient neonatal population with HIE receiving CH using PMetrics, a nonparametric, pharmacometric modeling, and simulation package for R.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Ampicillin in Neonates with Hypoxemic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Setting of Controlled Hypothermia.

Study Objective: To describe the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic target attainment of ampicillin in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) undergoing controlled hypothermia (CH).

Design: Prospective, open-label pharmacokinetic study.

Setting: A 189-bed, freestanding children's tertiary care teaching hospital.

The microbiota regulates neutrophil homeostasis and host resistance to Escherichia coli K1 sepsis in neonatal mice.

Neonatal colonization by microbes, which begins immediately after birth, is influenced by gestational age and the mother's microbiota and is modified by exposure to antibiotics. In neonates, prolonged duration of antibiotic therapy is associated with increased risk of late-onset sepsis (LOS), a disorder controlled by neutrophils. A role for the microbiota in regulating neutrophil development and susceptibility to sepsis in the neonate remains unclear.