Identification of a novel mycovirus belonging to the "flexivirus"-related family with icosahedral virion.

The order currently comprises five viral families with positive-sense RNA [(+)RNA] genomes that infect plants, fungi, and insects. Virion morphologies within the order differ between families, with icosahedral virions in the and filamentous virions in the other families. Despite their different morphologies, these viruses are placed in the same order based on phylogenetic analyses of replicase-associated polyproteins.

The Role of Zinc in the Development of Vascular Dementia and Parkinson's Disease and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent.

Synaptic zinc ions (Zn) play an important role in the development of vascular dementia (VD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this article, we reviewed the current comprehension of the Zn-induced neurotoxicity that leads to the pathogenesis of these neuronal diseases. Zn-induced neurotoxicity was investigated by using immortalised hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7 cells).

Epitope binning for multiple antibodies simultaneously using mammalian cell display and DNA sequencing.

Epitope binning, an approach for grouping antibodies based on epitope similarities, is a critical step in antibody drug discovery. However, conventional methods are complex, involving individual antibody production. Here, we established Epitope Binning-seq, an epitope binning platform for simultaneously analyzing multiple antibodies.

Toxic Effects of Two Redox States of Thallium on Immortalised Hypothalamic GT1-7 Neuronal Cells.

Thallium (Tl), is a highly toxic heavy metal that exists in monovalent (Tl(I)) and trivalent (Tl(III)) ionic states. This study aimed to compare the toxicities of Tl(I) and Tl(III) in a mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 neuronal cell line. Decreased viability and increased cytotoxicity were observed in the GT1-7 cells 16 h after Tl(I) or Tl(III) treatment.

Diagnosing Drowning in Postmortem CT Images Using Artificial Intelligence.

Imaging features of the lung in postmortem computed tomography (CT) scans have been reported in drowning cases. However, it is difficult for forensic pathologists with limited experience to distinguish subtle differences in CT images. In this study, artificial intelligence (AI) with deep learning capability was used to diagnose drowning in postmortem CT images, and its performance was evaluated.

Complete nucleotide sequence of an alphaendornavirus isolated from common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum).

A double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of approximately 16 kbp was isolated from symptomless common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) plants. The size of the dsRNA suggested that it was the replicative form of an endornavirus. The dsRNA was sequenced, and it consisted of 15,677 nt, containing a single open reading frame that potentially encoded a polyprotein of 5190 aa.

Simplified insecticide toxicity determination method for using contaminated diet.

is a zoophytophagous mirid bug widely studied for its role in preying on major greenhouse pests. Since has now been known for its vigorous predation potential on pests such as , many applied entomologists are now recommending that be merged into the Integrated Pest management (IPM) systems. However, successful integration of into any IPM system depends on thorough evaluation with compatible pesticides, as incompatible pesticides can offset the whole idea of IPM.

Augmenting (Nesidiocoris) with a Factitious Diet of Cysts to Control (Gennadius) on Tomato Plants under Greenhouse Conditions.

Natural predators such as are known for their role in managing greenhouse pests. However, techniques in maximizing the biological control potential of under field conditions are still lacking. We evaluated under greenhouse conditions the prospects of cysts enhanced with high fructose corn syrup and honey, and delivered using hemp strings (hemp rope) as supplementary factitious dietary in augmenting the proliferation and spread of on tomato plants.

Resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors in field isolates of Podosphaera xanthii on cucumber: Monitoring, cross-resistance patterns and molecular characterization.

New succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs), isopyrazam, pyraziflumid and isofetamid were introduced in the Japanese market in 2017-2018 to control powdery mildew on cucumber. SDHI resistance of the disease fungus (Podosphaera xanthii) was first reported during 2008-2009 against boscalid. Then, penthiopyrad which belongs to SDHIs was introduced in 2010, but subsequent monitoring study was not performed.

Augmentation and compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with pesticides against different growth stages of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius); an in vitro and field approach.

Background: Bemisia tabaci is a notorious agricultural pest that causes serious damage to many crops via herbivory and spread of viral diseases. Effective control measures are, therefore, required. Integrating entomopathogenic fungi into the chemical control system offers promise for B.

Nipple Skin Trauma in Breastfeeding Women During Postpartum Week One.

Objective: To objectively describe changes to nipple skin and classify signs of nipple trauma in breastfeeding women during postpartum week 1.

Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 was an observational prospective study of breastfeeding mothers in which data were obtained from photographs and digital images of nipple skin and analyzed to anatomically classify signs of nipple trauma.

Invasive ductal carcinoma arising from an ectopic pancreas in the gastric wall: a long-term survival case.

A case of invasive ductal carcinoma of an ectopic pancreas in the stomach in a 74-year-old woman is presented. A 4.0 cm gastric submucosal tumor (SMT) was resected surgically.

Influence of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine treatment on amounts of TERT and POT1 in human HL60 cells.

In human cells, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) is involved in the synthesis of telomere DNA, and POT1 (protection of telomeres 1) is believed to be a regulator of telomere length. We have reported that long-term treatment of human HL60 cells with 50 microM 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (AZddG) caused telomeres to shorten significantly during early passages (up to 40-50 days), but that telomere length was then stabilized at approximately 2 kbp during later passages. Additionally, cell growth rates showed no obvious change during culture in the presence of 50 microM AZddG.

Telomere shortening in human HL60 cells by treatment with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and telomerase inhibition by their 5'-triphosphates.

Telomerase is thought to play an important role in the mechanism of tumor cell immortalization by maintenance of telomere length. To obtain information on the susceptibility of telomerase to nucleoside analogues, the effects of base-modified 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleoside triphosphates on the enzyme were investigated. It is suggested that the 2-amino group of the nucleotide purine nucleus is important for the inhibitory activity.

Influence of nucleoside analogue treatment on telomere length and TRF2 amount in human HL60 cells.

Long-term treatment with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-guanosine (AZddG) results in reproducible telomere shortening in cultured human HL60 cells. TRF2 protein has been implicated in the protection of chromosome ends. It binds to double-strand repeats and may have an indirect role in protecting the G-rich overhang by recruiting other telomere-binding proteins to the G-tail or by mediating the formation of the telomeric t-loop.

3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates inhibit telomerase activity in vitro, and the corresponding nucleosides cause telomere shortening in human HL60 cells.

Telomerase adds telomeric DNA repeats to the ends of linear chromosomal DNA. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (AZTTP) is a known telomerase inhibitor. To obtain more selective and potent inhibitors that can be employed as tools for studying telomerase, we investigated the telomerase-inhibitory effects of purine nucleosides bearing a 3'-down azido group: 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (AZddG) 5'-triphosphate (AZddGTP), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-6-thioguanosine (AZddSG) 5'-triphosphate (AZddSGTP), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (AZddA) 5'-triphosphate (AZddATP) and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-2-aminoadenosine (AZddAA) 5'-triphosphate (AZddAATP).

Telomerase inhibition by 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates and telomere shortening in human cultured cells by the corresponding nucleosides.

Telomerase is believed to be a good target for the development of antitumor agents. In this study, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-2-aminoadenosine (AZddAA), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (AZddA), 9-(3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-aminopurine (AZddAP), 3'-azido-2-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (AZddClA) and their triphosphate derivatives were synthesized. Telomerase assay studies showed that the 2-amino group plays an important role in the inhibitory activity of these compounds.

Influence of long-term treatment with cytosine arabinoside on telomere length in human HL60 cells.

Immortal tumor cells employ a telomere length maintenance mechanism to escape the normal limits on proliferation. We investigated whether treatment with cytosine arabinoside (AraC), whose triphosphate derivative AraCTP might partially inhibit the synthesis of C-rich telomere strands, is effective for inducing telomere shortening in human HL60 cells. Long-term treatment with 0.

Adult Still's disease reflects a Th2 rather than a Th1 cytokine profile.

Adult Still's disease (ASD) is a chronic multisystemic disease. Extraordinarily high serum levels of IL-18 in ASD patients have been described, whereas the mechanism remains to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate proinflammatory cytokines and to consider their pathological roles.

Ethylene advances the transition from vegetative growth to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The transition from vegetative growth to flowering is the most drastic change in plant development. In order to examine the involvement of ethylene in growth transition, we compared the development of ethylene-related mutants, eto1, etr1, ein2-1 and ein3-1, with the wild type (WT) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ethylene sensitivity of two WT and the mutants is decreased in the following order: eto1 = WT < ein3-1 < ein2-1 = etr1-1.

Small-cell carcinoma manifesting systemic lymphadenopathy combined with adenocarcinoma in the gallbladder: aggressiveness and sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Small-cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is a very rare tumor. In this report, we describe a patient with small-cell carcinoma combined with adenocarcinoma in the gallbladder. The patient was a 70-year-old man, who clinically manifested systemic lymphadenopathy.

Identification of GFAT1-L, a novel splice variant of human glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT1) that is expressed abundantly in skeletal muscle.

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which plays an important role in hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance. To evaluate the role of GFAT1 expression, we analyzed the expression profiles of GFAT1 mRNA in various human tissues using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We report here the identification and cDNA cloning of a novel GFAT1 splice variant expressed abundantly in skeletal muscle and heart.

Liposarcoma of the tongue: case report and literature update.

Liposarcoma is an exceedingly rare tumor in the oral cavity. We report a case of a 70-year-old man with liposarcoma that presented as a lump on the tongue. The excised tumor was diagnosed as a well-differentiated lipoma-like liposarcoma.

Necrosis of the tongue after transient ischemic attack.

We report an unusual case of necrosis of the tongue after transient ischemic attack in a 67-year-old man. Angiography revealed occlusion of the right external carotid artery at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Debridement of the wound and removal of the necrotic tissue resulted in good healing.