The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2024.

The 2024 revised edition of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J-SSCG 2024) is published by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. This is the fourth revision since the first edition was published in 2012. The purpose of the guidelines is to assist healthcare providers in making appropriate decisions in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, leading to improved patient outcomes.

Endoscopic resection of rectal neuroendocrine tumors: zero disease-related deaths during a 10-year follow-up period.

Background: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) are slow-growing tumors with the potential for malignancy that originate from neuroendocrine cells. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of GI-NETs are necessary to prevent metastasis. The widespread use of colonoscopy, which allows early detection of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (rNETs) that are small enough to be treated endoscopically, has resulted in an increasing rate of endoscopic resection of rNETs.

Novel cell-to-cell communications between macrophages and fibroblasts regulate obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis.

Recent evidence has shown that adipose tissue eventually develops fibrosis through complex cellular crosstalk. Although advances in single-cell transcriptomics have provided new insights into cell diversity during this process, little is known about the interactions among the distinct cell types. In this study, we employed single-cell analytical approaches to investigate cell-tocell communications between macrophages and fibroblasts in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice.

Does Periacetabular Osteotomy Affect the Load Distribution on the Knee?

Background: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) treats developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) by reducing load on the hip and improving joint function. Untreated DDH affects lower extremity alignment and alters knee morphology, with valgus alignment more pronounced in hip osteoarthritis secondary to DDH. While PAO may influence knee mechanics, its association with subchondral bone density in the tibiofemoral joint remains unclear.

Elucidation of The Effect of Flossing on Improving Joint Range of Motion.

Flossing has been hypothesized to improve joint range of motion (flexibility), potentially through enhanced fascial gliding, although this mechanism remains speculative. This study aimed to clarify the effect of flossing, a new type of myofascial release, on joint range of motion by focusing on tissue gliding properties. This study involved 14 healthy participants (aged 18-25 years) who performed two types of active exercises with floss bands wrapped around their lower legs.

Changes in importin levels promote nuclear proteasomal degradation of cell cycle-related proteins during THP-1 monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation.

Importin family nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors share thousands of cargo proteins. To elucidate cell regulatory mechanisms via transport regulation, we analyzed the levels of transport receptors by western blotting and quantified the total cellular and nuclear proteins during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of THP-1 cells using mass spectrometry. Importin-α1 decreased and importin-α5 increased during the differentiation.

Clinical Outcomes of Periodontal Regenerative Therapy with Double-Sided Entire Papilla Preservation (DEPP) Technique for Intrabony Defects: A Case-Series with 12-Month Follow-Up.

Double-sided Entire Papilla Preservation (DEPP) technique was designed to allow access into a bone defect without compromising the integrity of papilla, when the defect extends to palatal/lingual side. This case-series study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal regenerative therapy using DEPP technique for intrabony defects. DEPP was performed with two vertical incisions on both the buccal and palatal sites to access the bone defect.

Congenital heart defects in the newborn infant and subsequent depression in parents: A nationwide cohort study.

Purpose: Although congenital heart defects (CHD) are a fatal disease in newborn infants, little is known whether and to what degree they affect mental health of parents.

Methods: This cohort study includes parents who were free of depression when their children were first diagnosed with CHD between 2016 and 2021 in Japan. Each parent was matched in a 1:1 ratio using age, gender, income, and the birth date of the infant.

Association between gene mutations and outcomes in Japanese high-risk AML patients: a phase 1/2 study of NS-87/CPX-351.

This phase 1/2 study investigated the association between genetic characteristics and outcomes for NS-87/CPX-351 in Japanese patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Blood samples collected from 29 patients were analyzed using a 70-gene next-generation sequencing panel. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (44.

Buddhist temples as driving force of dementia-friendly society: a qualitative analysis of community-based integrated care in Buddhist temple caregiver cafés.

Objective: Outside the Japanese government's community-based integrated care system, Buddhist temples are emerging as a resource to support caregivers of individuals with dementia living at home. However, we must critically analyze the views of secular professionals who are familiar with these activities. Thus, this study aimed to explore the characteristics and potential of caregiver cafés hosted in Buddhist temples from the perspective of healthcare and welfare professionals providing community-based integrated care by conducting two-step research: (1) a preliminary survey with Buddhist priests to understand the phenomenon; and (2) semi-structured interviews with staff providing community-based integrated care to explore its implementation.

Multiomics analysis unveils the cellular ecosystem with clinical relevance in aldosterone-producing adenomas with mutations.

Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), a major endocrine tumor and leading subtype of primary aldosteronism, cause secondary hypertension with high cardiometabolic risks. Despite potentially producing multiple steroid hormones, detailed cellular mechanisms in APA remain insufficiently studied. Our multiomics analysis focusing on APA with mutations, which represent the most common genetic form, revealed marked cellular heterogeneity.

Integrin β2 Plays a Significant Role in Therapeutic Angiogenesis Through Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

The efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy for cerebral infarction has been previously demonstrated. However, the lack of response in some patients has hindered its widespread use. To establish HSC therapy as a standard treatment, it is important to examine the causes of non-responsiveness.

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2024.

The 2024 revised edition of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J-SSCG 2024) is published by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. This is the fourth revision since the first edition was published in 2012. The purpose of the guidelines is to assist healthcare providers in making appropriate decisions in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, leading to improved patient outcomes.

Achieving a Good Response in Myxofibrosarcoma With Uncontrollable Bleeding Using an Enzyme-Targeting Radiosensitization Treatment: A Case Report.

Myxofibrosarcoma is one of the most prevalent histological types of primary malignant soft tissue tumors of the extremity. Radiation therapy is frequently employed as a post-operative treatment. In this case report, we present a 78-year-old male with a large tumor on his forearm.

Development of human growth hormone-treated chimeric mice with humanized livers for an evaluation model of drug-induced fatty liver disease.

Chimeric mice with humanized livers were used to evaluate drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, lipid accumulation is observed in the human hepatocytes of chimeric mice because of human growth hormone deficiency (GHD), which is an obstacle in the evaluation of drug-induced fatty liver disease (DIFLD), a common type of DILI. Previously, we showed that lipid droplets were reduced by the administration of human growth hormone (h-GH) to chimeric mice.

Clinicopathological significance of JAK2, STAT3, and STAT4 expression in patients with gastric solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study.

Background: The role of janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling remains unclear in gastric solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The present study investigates the clinicopathological significance of JAK2, STAT3, and STAT4 expression in solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 102 participants with primary solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Violet light photobiomodulation therapy for depression: A double-blind randomized crossover trial.

Background: Medication-supplemented psychotherapy is the primary treatment for mild major depressive disorder (MDD). However, limited resources and patient non-adherence present challenges, necessitating innovative and less burdensome interventions. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of active and placebo violet light irradiation goggles for treating mild MDD.

Role of Rac1 in p53-Related Proliferation and Drug Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma.

In this work, the study presented in [...

Spray and forced coagulation mode endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric neoplasms: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Controlling intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of the procedure. ESD in spray coagulation mode (SCM-ESD) is expected to ensure more effective bleeding control. This study aimed to investigate the superiority of SCM-ESD over conventional forced coagulation mode ESD (FCM-ESD) in terms of hemostatic ability for treating early gastric neoplasms (EGNs).

SCN5A variant type-dependent risk prediction in Brugada syndrome.

Aims: The variant in SCN5A with the loss of function (LOF) effect in the cardiac Na+ channel (Nav1.5) is the definitive cause for Brugada syndrome (BrS), and the functional analysis data revealed that LOF variants are associated with poor prognosis. However, which variant types (e.

Usefulness of Semiautomated 3D Volumetric Assessment of Liver Tumor Burden for Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: In patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), the Ki-67 index is objectively assessed by pathologists; however, liver tumor burden (LTB) depends on the subjective judgment of physicians. This study aimed to elucidate the usefulness of the semi-automated 3D volumetric assessment of LTB in patients with PanNET.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients (40 computed tomographies [CTs]) with metastatic PanNETs.

Siponimod inhibits microglial inflammasome activation.

Siponimod is the first oral drug approved for active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. It acts as a functional antagonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P) through S1P internalization, and also serves an agonist of S1P; however, the detailed mechanisms of its therapeutic effects on glial cells have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of siponimod in microglia.

Stratifying and predicting progression to acute liver failure during the early phase of acute liver injury.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious disease that progresses from acute liver injury (ALI) and that often leads to multiorgan failure and ultimately death. Currently, effective treatment strategies for ALF, aside from transplantation, remain elusive, partly because ALI is highly heterogeneous. Furthermore, clinicians lack a quantitative indicator that they can use to predict which patients hospitalized with ALI will progress to ALF and the need for liver transplantation.