[Epidemiology and prophylaxis of varicella in military units].

Epidemiology and prophylaxis of varicella in military units. Topical issues in military units varicella epidemiology and prevention, as one of the most important infections, potentially controlled by means of immunization. As a result of the retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of varicella personnel- in one of the military districts found that the risk category for the disease are conscripts from the young recruits.

[Ways of improvement of military epidemiology as a diagnosis and prophylaxis branch of military medicine].

Ways of improvement of military epidemiology as a diagnosis and prophylaxis branch of military medicine. The prospects of development of epidemiological science, training systems and improvement of practice in preventive medicine based on the integration process are considered. The authors emphasize a final recognition of epidemiology as a single diagnostic and preventive discipline the subjects of which are manifestations of epidemic diseases regardless aetiology.

[Peculiarities of sanitary and epidemiological (preventive) measures aimed at contraction and spread control of Ebola virus disease].

Now the Ebola virus continues to extend in the Western Africa. Cases, including with lethal outcomes are also registered in the countries of Europe and America. The probability of drift of this disease on the territory of the Russian Federation, including through the foreign military personnel who is trained in the country isn't excluded.

[Diphtheria in the military forces: lessons and current status of prophylaxis, prospects of epidemiological control process].

We analyzed the epidemiological situation of diphtheria in the world and in Russia and experience of mass vaccination of military personnel and civil population with diphtheria toxoid for the last 50 years. Early diagnosis of diphtheria in military personnel has a prognostic value. Authors described the peculiarities of epidemiological process of diphtheria in military personnel in 80-90 years of 20th century and organizational aspects of mass vaccination with diphtheria toxoid.

[Epidemiology and prophylaxis of community-acquired pneumonia in servicemen].

Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most pressing issues for military medicine in connection with a high incidence among conscripts. After the vaccination beginning in 2002, the uninterrupted increase of the pneumonia incidence that had been observed in 90-th years was changed to the tendency of decrease. But in 2009 and 2010 the incidence of pneumonia increased significantly in all military districts because of crowded conditions of accommodation and activation of "mixing" of personnel in connection with reduction of military service period from 2 and 1.

[Organization of prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory diseases in military personnel].

Respiratory diseases for many years in the Armed Forces of the Russian occupy the leading position in the structure of the pathology of internal organs. Preventive measures to prevention of the emergence and spread of acute respiratory infections among soldiers can help to reduce the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the armed forces. Particular attention is drawn to the control of the conditions of accommodation, food and combat training of military personnel, as well as the implementation of the commanders of their duties.

[Primary causative agents of infectious complications in injured with severe trauma].

Aim: Study etiologic structure of infectious complications in injured with severe-trauma.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of results of therapy outcomes in 5966 wounded and injured (1999 - 2009) and prospective observation of 142 injured (2008 - 2009) by using epidemiologic, statistical and microbiological methods was carried out.

Results: Frequency of isolation and specific weight of causative agents depending on localization of infectious complication was established.

[Epidemiologic support of troops during the Great Patriotic War].

The article is dedicated to the analysis of experience of domestic military preventive medicine during the Great Patriotic War. It describes the methods used and the means of protection of troops, volume control activities carried out. The authors state that these measures had provided epidemiological welfare of troops, expressed in a relatively small proportion of infectious diseases among all diseases of the soldiers.

[Contribution of Academician V. D. Belyakov to the development of epidemiological science and medical education].

The paper analyzes life and scientific legacy of academician and professor of Natural Sciences, Major-General of the Medical Service Vitaly Dmitrievich Belyakov (1921-1996). The outstanding epidemiologist made a valuable contribution to the training of personnel for the military medical service and health of the country, as well as the improvement of anti-epidemic support for the troops and the navy and the country's population. Academician V.

[Prospects for reducing the incidence of military air-borne infections which are not controllable by means of vaccination].

Examines the state of immunization by means of uncontrolled disease vaccine (influenza, SARS, pneumonia, streptococcal and meningococcal infections). They cause disease in both children and adolescents, as well as in organized collectives of adults, especially among conscripts. Calendars vaccination of the population and soldiers regulate immunization risk of epidemic indications against influenza, and partly against meningococcal infection; gradually introduced to the troops Immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal pneumonia.

[Current issues of epidemiology and vaccine prophylaxis of "children" airborne infections in the armies (Navy)].

It highlights the problems associated with the epidemiological situation of the morbidity of the population and the military personnel with infections, which recently were "infant"--measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria and other infections, controlled now by means of immunization. There is no alternative to the mass immunization of children and adolescents to achieve highly efficient vaccine-resistant sporadic incidence of these infections. However, amid the successes achieved, regular "grow-up" disease causes these infections spread vaccination for adults who are at risk.

[Epidemiological aspects of the influenza "pandemia" during 2009-2010 years].

The article presents the preliminary data analysis of past "pandemic" and regional epidemics in the world caused by the influenza virus A(H1N1)sw1. Draw conclusions about the relative softness of the clinical and epidemiological manifestations of recent developments in connection with the lack of antigenic shift from a new strain and a significant protective role of acquired earlier population of cross-immunity of population to variants of influenza virus A(H1N1)sw1. In military units as representative risky groups are reflected all the laws of the epidemic process of influenza in the population.

[Epidemiology and development of prophylaxis of acute respiratory diseases and pneumonias in servicemen in modern conditions].

Acute diseases of respiratory organs occupy leading position among all diseases in army. In 2009 a part of total morbidity of ARD, flu, pneumonia and acute bronchitis was 45.7% from all diseases.

[Prophylaxis of streptococcic infection in military collectives].

Peculiarities of clinical-epidemiological evidences of streptococcic infection in military collectives determine necessity of improvement of system of epidemiological survey for morbidity by actual streptococcuses and methodology of rational using of complex of sanitarium-prophylaxis (contraepidemic) measures. Microbiological monitoring and immunological screening along with traditional methods of epidemiological diagnostics permit to educe group of risk, epidemic stock of streptococcus and to organize optimal prophylactic measures. Among them the most effective are immunization by 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in pestholes of acute pneumonia and bicillin-prophylaxis of angine, streptoderma, suppurativy-septic streptococcus and their complications.

[Clinical-and-epidemiologic peculiarities of streptococcosis infections in army collectives].

Streptococcosis and streptococcosis infections are a big problem for well-being of population of our planet. Streptococcosis infections are especially actual for military servicemen and activity of medical service in prophylaxis of infection diseases. Streptococcosis cause a grand quantity of different diseases in military collectives and their complications, and unfavorable outcomes and results of diseases.

[Sanitary-bacteriological control of artificial ventilation apparatuses in the prevention of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in a surgical hospital].

Airway damage in intensive care unit patients at surgical hospitals is a common manifestation of nosocomial pyoseptic infections. Artificial ventilation (AV) apparatuses used in a therapeutic and diagnostic process are vital to the transmission of their pathogens. The paper shows that various units and surfaces of the apparatuses are differently contaminated with nosocomial microorganisms.

[Improvement of epidemiological surveillance of meningococcus infection and it's selective prophylaxis in troops].

The article is devoted to a critical analyze of existent system of epidemiological surveillance for morbidity of meningococcus infection among population and military service men, and to condition and perspectives of immuno- and chemoprophylaxis of correspondent generalized forms of diseases in the world, Russia and it's Army and NAVY. It is proposed a differentiated approach to realization of these measures in organized (military) collectives on the base of microbiological monitoring of epidemic officials (serogroups) of causative agents, on the base of prediction of morbidity by generalized forms and on the base of clinical-epidemical diagnostics at early stages of development of epidemic process.

[Swine flu: epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment, and prophylaxis].

Virus of piggy grippe is a virus of type A, which has greatly changed in it's antigenic structure. As a result, has appeared a new variant of germ (syb-type), in relation to which vaccines, used for period 2008-2009, are unsuccessful. Virus represents a real risk for life and health of millions of people.

[Zoonotic (avian) influenza. Prognoses of pandemic and reality].

Likelihood of a pandemic emergence in the near future was discussed. The majority of science-based arguments point to anthroponotic nature of future pandemic, which can be caused by return to circulation of H2N2 virus silently persisting in population from 1968 or in animals as part of various reassortants. Outbreaks of zoonotic (avian) influenza in humans emerged recently reflect natural epidemic manifestations of epizootic process which had become more intense due to specific social and natural conditions in densely populated countries of South-East Asia.

[Infectious complications of polytraumas: microbiological and epidemiological aspects].

The authors discuss problems of terminology and definition of terms associated with surgery of injuries, polytrauma and a conception of wound dystrophy. Great statistical material (about 5000 casualties with polytrauma) was used to show the structure and frequency of infectious complications of severe associated injuries systematized according to the original classification of this pathology. The classification is based on a universal pathophysiological process developing in response to any extraordinary influence--a systemic inflammatory response.

[The problem connected with probability of zoonotic bird's influenza pandemic].

Because of the probability of influenza pandemic that can occur in the next few years the anthroponotic and zoonotic hypotheses of influenza A agents remained in biosphere are discussed. The most arguments show that anthroponotic A2 virus that persists in inactive form among the population since 1968 can return in circulation. Alternative is the long co-circulation of "drifting" variants of A1 and A3 viruses that continue causing separate weak epidemics in the world due to decrease in their epidemic potential.