Burr-Hole Craniostomy for Chronic Subdural Hematomas by General Surgeons in Rural Kenya.

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common condition that causes significant morbidity and mortality. In rural sub-Saharan Africa, there are very few neurosurgeons. Yet, cSDH is treatable by relatively simple surgical intervention with potential for rapid clinical improvement.

Pregnancy and contraceptive use among women participating in the FEM-PrEP trial.

Background: Pregnancy among study participants remains a challenge for trials of new HIV prevention agents despite promotion and provision of contraception. We evaluated contraceptive use, pregnancy incidence, and study drug adherence by contraceptive method among women enrolled in the FEM-PrEP trial of once-daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) for HIV prevention.

Methods: We required women to be using effective non-barrier contraception at enrollment.

Brewery wastewater treatment in a fluidised bed bioreactor.

A hydrodynamic characteristic performance of a three phase fluidised bed bioreactor has been studied with brewery wastewater. The influence of operating parameters, such as phase hold up, phase mixing, aspect ratio and superficial gas velocity, on an aerobic biodegradation in a bioreactor of 0.16 m i.

beta S-haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia along the coastal belt of Kenya.

In this paper, we present data on studies of beta S-haplotypes and alpha-thalassemia gene in subjects from the indigenous population of the Coast Province of Kenya Of the 7SS patients studied, four were homozygous for beta S-haplotype 20 characteristically associated with the severe form of sickle cell anemia found in the Central African Republic and Western Kenya. Two had haplotype 20 combined with haplotype 19 (Benin Type) and one had haplotype 20 combined with a new haplotype (20x). Alpha thalassaemia-2 gene (-3.

Haplotypes and alpha globin gene analyses in sickle cell anaemia patients from Kenya.

Over 60 patients from the Luo and Luhya tribes of Western Kenya, aged 1-23 years, with severe sickle cell anaemia were evaluated through haematological and gene mapping analyses. Nearly all (56 of 58 tested) were homozygous for haplotype 20 (Antonarakis et al, 1984) which is also frequently present in SS patients of the Central African Republic. All patients had a severe haemolytic anaemia with low Hb F levels and low levels of G gamma chains.

The treatment of kala-azar: a review with comments drawn from experience in Kenya.

Pentavalent antimony (Sbv) compounds have been used in the treatment of kala azar for over 60 years. Their introduction was preceded by the use, for a few years, of SbIII compounds, especially tartar emetic. Although the exact usage of Sbv varies from country to country, with correct use, cure rates of over 90% can, in most countries, be expected.

Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in Kenyan Africans.

The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide was studied in 10 Kenyan Africans with Hodgkins lymphoma. The mean +/- s.d.